Keyboard actions

A representation of any key input device for interacting with a web page.

There are only 2 actions that can be accomplished with a keyboard: pressing down on a key, and releasing a pressed key. In addition to supporting ASCII characters, each keyboard key has a representation that can be pressed or released in designated sequences.

Keys

In addition to the keys represented by regular unicode, unicode values have been assigned to other keyboard keys for use with Selenium. Each language has its own way to reference these keys; the full list can be found here.

Use the Java Keys enum

Use the Python Keys class

Use the .NET static Keys class

Use the Ruby KEYS constant

Use the JavaScript KEYS constant

Use the Java Keys enum

Key down

        new Actions(driver)
                .keyDown(Keys.SHIFT)
                .sendKeys("a")
                .perform();
Show full example
package dev.selenium.actions_api;

import dev.selenium.BaseChromeTest;
import org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions;
import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
import org.openqa.selenium.By;
import org.openqa.selenium.Keys;
import org.openqa.selenium.Platform;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement;
import org.openqa.selenium.interactions.Actions;

public class KeysTest extends BaseChromeTest {
    @Test
    public void keyDown() {
        driver.get("https://www.selenium.dev/selenium/web/single_text_input.html");

        new Actions(driver)
                .keyDown(Keys.SHIFT)
                .sendKeys("a")
                .perform();

        WebElement textField = driver.findElement(By.id("textInput"));
        Assertions.assertEquals("A", textField.getAttribute("value"));
    }

    @Test
    public void keyUp() {
        driver.get("https://www.selenium.dev/selenium/web/single_text_input.html");

        new Actions(driver)
                .keyDown(Keys.SHIFT)
                .sendKeys("a")
                .keyUp(Keys.SHIFT)
                .sendKeys("b")
                .perform();

        WebElement textField = driver.findElement(By.id("textInput"));
        Assertions.assertEquals("Ab", textField.getAttribute("value"));
    }

    @Test
    public void sendKeysToActiveElement() {
        driver.get("https://www.selenium.dev/selenium/web/single_text_input.html");

        new Actions(driver)
                .sendKeys("abc")
                .perform();

        WebElement textField = driver.findElement(By.id("textInput"));
        Assertions.assertEquals("abc", textField.getAttribute("value"));
    }

    @Test
    public void sendKeysToDesignatedElement() {
        driver.get("https://www.selenium.dev/selenium/web/single_text_input.html");
        driver.findElement(By.tagName("body")).click();

        WebElement textField = driver.findElement(By.id("textInput"));
        new Actions(driver)
                .sendKeys(textField, "Selenium!")
                .perform();

        Assertions.assertEquals("Selenium!", textField.getAttribute("value"));
    }

    @Test
    public void copyAndPaste() {
        driver.get("https://www.selenium.dev/selenium/web/single_text_input.html");

        Keys cmdCtrl = Platform.getCurrent().is(Platform.MAC) ? Keys.COMMAND : Keys.CONTROL;

        WebElement textField = driver.findElement(By.id("textInput"));
        new Actions(driver)
                .sendKeys(textField, "Selenium!")
                .sendKeys(Keys.ARROW_LEFT)
                .keyDown(Keys.SHIFT)
                .sendKeys(Keys.ARROW_UP)
                .keyUp(Keys.SHIFT)
                .keyDown(cmdCtrl)
                .sendKeys("xvv")
                .keyUp(cmdCtrl)
                .perform();

        Assertions.assertEquals("SeleniumSelenium!", textField.getAttribute("value"));
    }
}
View full example on GitHub
    ActionChains(driver)\
        .key_down(Keys.SHIFT)\
        .send_keys("abc")\
        .perform()
Show full example
import sys

from selenium.webdriver import Keys, ActionChains
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By


def test_key_down(driver):
    driver.get('https://selenium.dev/selenium/web/single_text_input.html')

    ActionChains(driver)\
        .key_down(Keys.SHIFT)\
        .send_keys("abc")\
        .perform()

    assert driver.find_element(By.ID, "textInput").get_attribute('value') == "ABC"


def test_key_up(driver):
    driver.get('https://selenium.dev/selenium/web/single_text_input.html')

    ActionChains(driver)\
        .key_down(Keys.SHIFT)\
        .send_keys("a")\
        .key_up(Keys.SHIFT)\
        .send_keys("b")\
        .perform()

    assert driver.find_element(By.ID, "textInput").get_attribute('value') == "Ab"


def test_send_keys_to_active_element(driver):
    driver.get('https://selenium.dev/selenium/web/single_text_input.html')

    ActionChains(driver)\
        .send_keys("abc")\
        .perform()

    assert driver.find_element(By.ID, "textInput").get_attribute('value') == "abc"


def test_send_keys_to_designated_element(driver):
    driver.get('https://selenium.dev/selenium/web/single_text_input.html')
    driver.find_element(By.TAG_NAME, "body").click()

    text_input = driver.find_element(By.ID, "textInput")
    ActionChains(driver)\
        .send_keys_to_element(text_input, "abc")\
        .perform()

    assert driver.find_element(By.ID, "textInput").get_attribute('value') == "abc"


def test_copy_and_paste(firefox_driver):
    driver = firefox_driver
    driver.get('https://selenium.dev/selenium/web/single_text_input.html')
    cmd_ctrl = Keys.COMMAND if sys.platform == 'darwin' else Keys.CONTROL

    ActionChains(driver)\
        .send_keys("Selenium!")\
        .send_keys(Keys.ARROW_LEFT)\
        .key_down(Keys.SHIFT)\
        .send_keys(Keys.ARROW_UP)\
        .key_up(Keys.SHIFT)\
        .key_down(cmd_ctrl)\
        .send_keys("xvv")\
        .key_up(cmd_ctrl)\
        .perform()

    assert driver.find_element(By.ID, "textInput").get_attribute('value') == "SeleniumSelenium!"
View full example on GitHub
                .KeyDown(Keys.Shift)
                .SendKeys("a")
                .Perform();
Show full example
using System;
using Microsoft.VisualStudio.TestTools.UnitTesting;
using OpenQA.Selenium;
using OpenQA.Selenium.Interactions;

namespace SeleniumDocs.ActionsAPI
{
    [TestClass]
    public class KeysTest : BaseFirefoxTest
    {
        [TestMethod]
        public void KeyDown()
        {
            driver.Url = "https://selenium.dev/selenium/web/single_text_input.html";

            new Actions(driver)
                .KeyDown(Keys.Shift)
                .SendKeys("a")
                .Perform();

            IWebElement textField = driver.FindElement(By.Id("textInput"));
            Assert.AreEqual("A", textField.GetAttribute("value"));
        }

        [TestMethod]
        public void KeyUp()
        {
            driver.Url = "https://selenium.dev/selenium/web/single_text_input.html";

            new Actions(driver)
                .KeyDown(Keys.Shift)
                .SendKeys("a")
                .KeyUp(Keys.Shift)
                .SendKeys("b")
                .Perform();

            IWebElement textField = driver.FindElement(By.Id("textInput"));
            Assert.AreEqual("Ab", textField.GetAttribute("value"));
        }
        
        [TestMethod]
        public void SendKeysToActiveElement()
        {
            driver.Url = "https://selenium.dev/selenium/web/single_text_input.html";

            new Actions(driver)
                .SendKeys("abc")
                .Perform();

            IWebElement textField = driver.FindElement(By.Id("textInput"));
            Assert.AreEqual("abc", textField.GetAttribute("value"));
        }
        
        [TestMethod]
        public void SendKeysToDesignatedElement()
        {
            driver.Url = "https://selenium.dev/selenium/web/single_text_input.html";
            driver.FindElement(By.TagName("body")).Click();
            
            IWebElement textField = driver.FindElement(By.Id("textInput"));
            new Actions(driver)
                .SendKeys(textField, "abc")
                .Perform();

            Assert.AreEqual("abc", textField.GetAttribute("value"));
        }

        [TestMethod]
        public void CopyAndPaste()
        {
            driver.Url = "https://selenium.dev/selenium/web/single_text_input.html";

            var capabilities = ((WebDriver)driver).Capabilities;
            String platformName = (string)capabilities.GetCapability("platformName");

            String cmdCtrl = platformName.Contains("mac") ? Keys.Command : Keys.Control;

            new Actions(driver)
                .SendKeys("Selenium!")
                .SendKeys(Keys.ArrowLeft)
                .KeyDown(Keys.Shift)
                .SendKeys(Keys.ArrowUp)
                .KeyUp(Keys.Shift)
                .KeyDown(cmdCtrl)
                .SendKeys("xvv")
                .KeyUp(cmdCtrl)
                .Perform();

            IWebElement textField = driver.FindElement(By.Id("textInput"));
            Assert.AreEqual("SeleniumSelenium!", textField.GetAttribute("value"));
        }
    }
}
View full example on GitHub
    driver.action
          .key_down(:shift)
          .send_keys('a')
          .perform
Show full example
# frozen_string_literal: true

require 'spec_helper'

RSpec.describe 'Keys' do
  let(:driver) { start_session }
  let(:wait) { Selenium::WebDriver::Wait.new(timeout: 2) }

  it 'key down' do
    driver.get 'https://www.selenium.dev/selenium/web/single_text_input.html'
    wait.until { driver.find_element(id: 'textInput').attribute('autofocus') }

    driver.action
          .key_down(:shift)
          .send_keys('a')
          .perform

    expect(driver.find_element(id: 'textInput').attribute('value')).to eq 'A'
  end

  it 'key up' do
    driver.get 'https://www.selenium.dev/selenium/web/single_text_input.html'
    wait.until { driver.find_element(id: 'textInput').attribute('autofocus') }

    driver.action
          .key_down(:shift)
          .send_keys('a')
          .key_up(:shift)
          .send_keys('b')
          .perform

    expect(driver.find_element(id: 'textInput').attribute('value')).to eq 'Ab'
  end

  it 'sends keys to active element' do
    driver.get 'https://www.selenium.dev/selenium/web/single_text_input.html'
    wait.until { driver.find_element(id: 'textInput').attribute('autofocus') }

    driver.action
          .send_keys('abc')
          .perform

    expect(driver.find_element(id: 'textInput').attribute('value')).to eq 'abc'
  end

  it 'sends keys to designated element' do
    driver.get 'https://www.selenium.dev/selenium/web/single_text_input.html'
    driver.find_element(tag_name: 'body').click
    wait.until { driver.find_element(id: 'textInput').attribute('autofocus') }

    text_field = driver.find_element(id: 'textInput')
    driver.action
          .send_keys(text_field, 'Selenium!')
          .perform

    expect(text_field.attribute('value')).to eq 'Selenium!'
  end

  it 'copy and paste' do
    driver.get 'https://www.selenium.dev/selenium/web/single_text_input.html'
    wait.until { driver.find_element(id: 'textInput').attribute('autofocus') }

    cmd_ctrl = driver.capabilities.platform_name.include?('mac') ? :command : :control
    driver.action
          .send_keys('Selenium!')
          .send_keys(:arrow_left)
          .key_down(:shift)
          .send_keys(:arrow_up)
          .key_up(:shift)
          .key_down(cmd_ctrl)
          .send_keys('xvv')
          .key_up(cmd_ctrl)
          .perform

    expect(driver.find_element(id: 'textInput').attribute('value')).to eq 'SeleniumSelenium!'
  end
end
View full example on GitHub
    await driver.actions()
      .keyDown(Key.SHIFT)
      .sendKeys('a')
      .perform()
Show full example
const { By, Key, Browser, Builder} = require('selenium-webdriver')
const assert = require('assert')
const { platform } = require('node:process')

describe('Keyboard Action - Keys test', function() {
  let driver

  before(async function() {
    driver = await new Builder().forBrowser('chrome').build();
  })

  after(async () => await driver.quit())

  it('KeyDown', async function() {
    await driver.get('https://www.selenium.dev/selenium/web/single_text_input.html')

    await driver.actions()
      .keyDown(Key.SHIFT)
      .sendKeys('a')
      .perform()

    const textField = driver.findElement(By.id('textInput'))
    assert.deepStrictEqual(await textField.getAttribute('value'), 'A')
  })

  it('KeyUp', async function() {
    await driver.get('https://www.selenium.dev/selenium/web/single_text_input.html')

    const textField = driver.findElement(By.id('textInput'))
    await textField.click()

    await driver.actions()
      .keyDown(Key.SHIFT)
      .sendKeys('a')
      .keyUp(Key.SHIFT)
      .sendKeys('b')
      .perform()

    assert.deepStrictEqual(await textField.getAttribute('value'), 'Ab')
  })

  it('sendKeys', async function() {
    await driver.get('https://www.selenium.dev/selenium/web/single_text_input.html')

    const textField = driver.findElement(By.id('textInput'))
    await textField.click()

    await driver.actions()
      .sendKeys('abc')
      .perform()

    assert.deepStrictEqual(await textField.getAttribute('value'), 'abc')
  })

  it('Designated Element', async function() {
    await driver.get('https://www.selenium.dev/selenium/web/single_text_input.html')

    await driver.findElement(By.css('body')).click()
    const textField = await driver.findElement(By.id('textInput'))

    await driver.actions()
      .sendKeys(textField, 'abc')
      .perform()

    assert.deepStrictEqual(await textField.getAttribute('value'), 'abc')
  })

  it('Copy and Paste', async function() {
    await driver.get('https://www.selenium.dev/selenium/web/single_text_input.html')

    const textField = await driver.findElement(By.id('textInput'))

    const cmdCtrl = platform.includes('darwin') ? Key.COMMAND : Key.CONTROL

    await driver.actions()
      .click(textField)
      .sendKeys('Selenium!')
      .sendKeys(Key.ARROW_LEFT)
      .keyDown(Key.SHIFT)
      .sendKeys(Key.ARROW_UP)
      .keyUp(Key.SHIFT)
      .keyDown(cmdCtrl)
      .sendKeys('xvv')
      .keyUp(cmdCtrl)
      .perform()

    assert.deepStrictEqual(await textField.getAttribute('value'), 'SeleniumSelenium!')
  })
})
View full example on GitHub
        Actions(driver)
                .keyDown(Keys.SHIFT)
                .sendKeys("a")
                .perform()
Show full example
package dev.selenium.actions_api

import dev.selenium.BaseTest
import org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions
import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test
import org.openqa.selenium.By
import org.openqa.selenium.HasCapabilities
import org.openqa.selenium.Keys
import org.openqa.selenium.Platform
import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement
import org.openqa.selenium.interactions.Actions

class KeysTest : BaseTest() {

    @Test
    fun keyDown() {
        driver.get("https://www.selenium.dev/selenium/web/single_text_input.html")

        Actions(driver)
                .keyDown(Keys.SHIFT)
                .sendKeys("a")
                .perform()

        val textField = driver.findElement(By.id("textInput"))
        Assertions.assertEquals("A", textField.getAttribute("value"))
    }

    @Test
    fun keyUp() {
        driver.get("https://www.selenium.dev/selenium/web/single_text_input.html")

        Actions(driver)
                .keyDown(Keys.SHIFT)
                .sendKeys("a")
                .keyUp(Keys.SHIFT)
                .sendKeys("b")
                .perform()

        val textField = driver.findElement(By.id("textInput"))
        Assertions.assertEquals("Ab", textField.getAttribute("value"))
    }

    @Test
    fun sendKeysToActiveElement() {
        driver.get("https://www.selenium.dev/selenium/web/single_text_input.html")

        Actions(driver)
                .sendKeys("abc")
                .perform()

        val textField = driver.findElement(By.id("textInput"))
        Assertions.assertEquals("abc", textField.getAttribute("value"))
    }

    @Test
    fun sendKeysToDesignatedElement() {
        driver.get("https://www.selenium.dev/selenium/web/single_text_input.html")
        driver.findElement(By.tagName("body")).click()

        val textField = driver.findElement(By.id("textInput"))
        Actions(driver)
                .sendKeys(textField, "Selenium!")
                .perform()

        Assertions.assertEquals("Selenium!", textField.getAttribute("value"))
    }

    @Test
    fun copyAndPaste() {
        driver.get("https://www.selenium.dev/selenium/web/single_text_input.html")

        val platformName = (driver as HasCapabilities).getCapabilities().getPlatformName()

        val cmdCtrl = if(platformName == Platform.MAC) Keys.COMMAND else Keys.CONTROL

        val textField = driver.findElement(By.id("textInput"))
        Actions(driver)
                .sendKeys(textField, "Selenium!")
                .sendKeys(Keys.ARROW_LEFT)
                .keyDown(Keys.SHIFT)
                .sendKeys(Keys.ARROW_UP)
                .keyUp(Keys.SHIFT)
                .keyDown(cmdCtrl)
                .sendKeys("xvv")
                .keyUp(cmdCtrl)
                .perform()

        Assertions.assertEquals("SeleniumSelenium!", textField.getAttribute("value"))
    }
}
View full example on GitHub

Key up

        new Actions(driver)
                .keyDown(Keys.SHIFT)
                .sendKeys("a")
                .keyUp(Keys.SHIFT)
                .sendKeys("b")
                .perform();
Show full example
package dev.selenium.actions_api;

import dev.selenium.BaseChromeTest;
import org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions;
import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
import org.openqa.selenium.By;
import org.openqa.selenium.Keys;
import org.openqa.selenium.Platform;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement;
import org.openqa.selenium.interactions.Actions;

public class KeysTest extends BaseChromeTest {
    @Test
    public void keyDown() {
        driver.get("https://www.selenium.dev/selenium/web/single_text_input.html");

        new Actions(driver)
                .keyDown(Keys.SHIFT)
                .sendKeys("a")
                .perform();

        WebElement textField = driver.findElement(By.id("textInput"));
        Assertions.assertEquals("A", textField.getAttribute("value"));
    }

    @Test
    public void keyUp() {
        driver.get("https://www.selenium.dev/selenium/web/single_text_input.html");

        new Actions(driver)
                .keyDown(Keys.SHIFT)
                .sendKeys("a")
                .keyUp(Keys.SHIFT)
                .sendKeys("b")
                .perform();

        WebElement textField = driver.findElement(By.id("textInput"));
        Assertions.assertEquals("Ab", textField.getAttribute("value"));
    }

    @Test
    public void sendKeysToActiveElement() {
        driver.get("https://www.selenium.dev/selenium/web/single_text_input.html");

        new Actions(driver)
                .sendKeys("abc")
                .perform();

        WebElement textField = driver.findElement(By.id("textInput"));
        Assertions.assertEquals("abc", textField.getAttribute("value"));
    }

    @Test
    public void sendKeysToDesignatedElement() {
        driver.get("https://www.selenium.dev/selenium/web/single_text_input.html");
        driver.findElement(By.tagName("body")).click();

        WebElement textField = driver.findElement(By.id("textInput"));
        new Actions(driver)
                .sendKeys(textField, "Selenium!")
                .perform();

        Assertions.assertEquals("Selenium!", textField.getAttribute("value"));
    }

    @Test
    public void copyAndPaste() {
        driver.get("https://www.selenium.dev/selenium/web/single_text_input.html");

        Keys cmdCtrl = Platform.getCurrent().is(Platform.MAC) ? Keys.COMMAND : Keys.CONTROL;

        WebElement textField = driver.findElement(By.id("textInput"));
        new Actions(driver)
                .sendKeys(textField, "Selenium!")
                .sendKeys(Keys.ARROW_LEFT)
                .keyDown(Keys.SHIFT)
                .sendKeys(Keys.ARROW_UP)
                .keyUp(Keys.SHIFT)
                .keyDown(cmdCtrl)
                .sendKeys("xvv")
                .keyUp(cmdCtrl)
                .perform();

        Assertions.assertEquals("SeleniumSelenium!", textField.getAttribute("value"));
    }
}
View full example on GitHub
    ActionChains(driver)\
        .key_down(Keys.SHIFT)\
        .send_keys("a")\
        .key_up(Keys.SHIFT)\
        .send_keys("b")\
        .perform()
Show full example
import sys

from selenium.webdriver import Keys, ActionChains
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By


def test_key_down(driver):
    driver.get('https://selenium.dev/selenium/web/single_text_input.html')

    ActionChains(driver)\
        .key_down(Keys.SHIFT)\
        .send_keys("abc")\
        .perform()

    assert driver.find_element(By.ID, "textInput").get_attribute('value') == "ABC"


def test_key_up(driver):
    driver.get('https://selenium.dev/selenium/web/single_text_input.html')

    ActionChains(driver)\
        .key_down(Keys.SHIFT)\
        .send_keys("a")\
        .key_up(Keys.SHIFT)\
        .send_keys("b")\
        .perform()

    assert driver.find_element(By.ID, "textInput").get_attribute('value') == "Ab"


def test_send_keys_to_active_element(driver):
    driver.get('https://selenium.dev/selenium/web/single_text_input.html')

    ActionChains(driver)\
        .send_keys("abc")\
        .perform()

    assert driver.find_element(By.ID, "textInput").get_attribute('value') == "abc"


def test_send_keys_to_designated_element(driver):
    driver.get('https://selenium.dev/selenium/web/single_text_input.html')
    driver.find_element(By.TAG_NAME, "body").click()

    text_input = driver.find_element(By.ID, "textInput")
    ActionChains(driver)\
        .send_keys_to_element(text_input, "abc")\
        .perform()

    assert driver.find_element(By.ID, "textInput").get_attribute('value') == "abc"


def test_copy_and_paste(firefox_driver):
    driver = firefox_driver
    driver.get('https://selenium.dev/selenium/web/single_text_input.html')
    cmd_ctrl = Keys.COMMAND if sys.platform == 'darwin' else Keys.CONTROL

    ActionChains(driver)\
        .send_keys("Selenium!")\
        .send_keys(Keys.ARROW_LEFT)\
        .key_down(Keys.SHIFT)\
        .send_keys(Keys.ARROW_UP)\
        .key_up(Keys.SHIFT)\
        .key_down(cmd_ctrl)\
        .send_keys("xvv")\
        .key_up(cmd_ctrl)\
        .perform()

    assert driver.find_element(By.ID, "textInput").get_attribute('value') == "SeleniumSelenium!"
View full example on GitHub
            new Actions(driver)
                .KeyDown(Keys.Shift)
                .SendKeys("a")
                .KeyUp(Keys.Shift)
                .SendKeys("b")
                .Perform();
Show full example
using System;
using Microsoft.VisualStudio.TestTools.UnitTesting;
using OpenQA.Selenium;
using OpenQA.Selenium.Interactions;

namespace SeleniumDocs.ActionsAPI
{
    [TestClass]
    public class KeysTest : BaseFirefoxTest
    {
        [TestMethod]
        public void KeyDown()
        {
            driver.Url = "https://selenium.dev/selenium/web/single_text_input.html";

            new Actions(driver)
                .KeyDown(Keys.Shift)
                .SendKeys("a")
                .Perform();

            IWebElement textField = driver.FindElement(By.Id("textInput"));
            Assert.AreEqual("A", textField.GetAttribute("value"));
        }

        [TestMethod]
        public void KeyUp()
        {
            driver.Url = "https://selenium.dev/selenium/web/single_text_input.html";

            new Actions(driver)
                .KeyDown(Keys.Shift)
                .SendKeys("a")
                .KeyUp(Keys.Shift)
                .SendKeys("b")
                .Perform();

            IWebElement textField = driver.FindElement(By.Id("textInput"));
            Assert.AreEqual("Ab", textField.GetAttribute("value"));
        }
        
        [TestMethod]
        public void SendKeysToActiveElement()
        {
            driver.Url = "https://selenium.dev/selenium/web/single_text_input.html";

            new Actions(driver)
                .SendKeys("abc")
                .Perform();

            IWebElement textField = driver.FindElement(By.Id("textInput"));
            Assert.AreEqual("abc", textField.GetAttribute("value"));
        }
        
        [TestMethod]
        public void SendKeysToDesignatedElement()
        {
            driver.Url = "https://selenium.dev/selenium/web/single_text_input.html";
            driver.FindElement(By.TagName("body")).Click();
            
            IWebElement textField = driver.FindElement(By.Id("textInput"));
            new Actions(driver)
                .SendKeys(textField, "abc")
                .Perform();

            Assert.AreEqual("abc", textField.GetAttribute("value"));
        }

        [TestMethod]
        public void CopyAndPaste()
        {
            driver.Url = "https://selenium.dev/selenium/web/single_text_input.html";

            var capabilities = ((WebDriver)driver).Capabilities;
            String platformName = (string)capabilities.GetCapability("platformName");

            String cmdCtrl = platformName.Contains("mac") ? Keys.Command : Keys.Control;

            new Actions(driver)
                .SendKeys("Selenium!")
                .SendKeys(Keys.ArrowLeft)
                .KeyDown(Keys.Shift)
                .SendKeys(Keys.ArrowUp)
                .KeyUp(Keys.Shift)
                .KeyDown(cmdCtrl)
                .SendKeys("xvv")
                .KeyUp(cmdCtrl)
                .Perform();

            IWebElement textField = driver.FindElement(By.Id("textInput"));
            Assert.AreEqual("SeleniumSelenium!", textField.GetAttribute("value"));
        }
    }
}
View full example on GitHub
    driver.action
          .key_down(:shift)
          .send_keys('a')
          .key_up(:shift)
          .send_keys('b')
          .perform
Show full example
# frozen_string_literal: true

require 'spec_helper'

RSpec.describe 'Keys' do
  let(:driver) { start_session }
  let(:wait) { Selenium::WebDriver::Wait.new(timeout: 2) }

  it 'key down' do
    driver.get 'https://www.selenium.dev/selenium/web/single_text_input.html'
    wait.until { driver.find_element(id: 'textInput').attribute('autofocus') }

    driver.action
          .key_down(:shift)
          .send_keys('a')
          .perform

    expect(driver.find_element(id: 'textInput').attribute('value')).to eq 'A'
  end

  it 'key up' do
    driver.get 'https://www.selenium.dev/selenium/web/single_text_input.html'
    wait.until { driver.find_element(id: 'textInput').attribute('autofocus') }

    driver.action
          .key_down(:shift)
          .send_keys('a')
          .key_up(:shift)
          .send_keys('b')
          .perform

    expect(driver.find_element(id: 'textInput').attribute('value')).to eq 'Ab'
  end

  it 'sends keys to active element' do
    driver.get 'https://www.selenium.dev/selenium/web/single_text_input.html'
    wait.until { driver.find_element(id: 'textInput').attribute('autofocus') }

    driver.action
          .send_keys('abc')
          .perform

    expect(driver.find_element(id: 'textInput').attribute('value')).to eq 'abc'
  end

  it 'sends keys to designated element' do
    driver.get 'https://www.selenium.dev/selenium/web/single_text_input.html'
    driver.find_element(tag_name: 'body').click
    wait.until { driver.find_element(id: 'textInput').attribute('autofocus') }

    text_field = driver.find_element(id: 'textInput')
    driver.action
          .send_keys(text_field, 'Selenium!')
          .perform

    expect(text_field.attribute('value')).to eq 'Selenium!'
  end

  it 'copy and paste' do
    driver.get 'https://www.selenium.dev/selenium/web/single_text_input.html'
    wait.until { driver.find_element(id: 'textInput').attribute('autofocus') }

    cmd_ctrl = driver.capabilities.platform_name.include?('mac') ? :command : :control
    driver.action
          .send_keys('Selenium!')
          .send_keys(:arrow_left)
          .key_down(:shift)
          .send_keys(:arrow_up)
          .key_up(:shift)
          .key_down(cmd_ctrl)
          .send_keys('xvv')
          .key_up(cmd_ctrl)
          .perform

    expect(driver.find_element(id: 'textInput').attribute('value')).to eq 'SeleniumSelenium!'
  end
end
View full example on GitHub
    await driver.actions()
      .keyDown(Key.SHIFT)
      .sendKeys('a')
      .keyUp(Key.SHIFT)
      .sendKeys('b')
      .perform()
Show full example
const { By, Key, Browser, Builder} = require('selenium-webdriver')
const assert = require('assert')
const { platform } = require('node:process')

describe('Keyboard Action - Keys test', function() {
  let driver

  before(async function() {
    driver = await new Builder().forBrowser('chrome').build();
  })

  after(async () => await driver.quit())

  it('KeyDown', async function() {
    await driver.get('https://www.selenium.dev/selenium/web/single_text_input.html')

    await driver.actions()
      .keyDown(Key.SHIFT)
      .sendKeys('a')
      .perform()

    const textField = driver.findElement(By.id('textInput'))
    assert.deepStrictEqual(await textField.getAttribute('value'), 'A')
  })

  it('KeyUp', async function() {
    await driver.get('https://www.selenium.dev/selenium/web/single_text_input.html')

    const textField = driver.findElement(By.id('textInput'))
    await textField.click()

    await driver.actions()
      .keyDown(Key.SHIFT)
      .sendKeys('a')
      .keyUp(Key.SHIFT)
      .sendKeys('b')
      .perform()

    assert.deepStrictEqual(await textField.getAttribute('value'), 'Ab')
  })

  it('sendKeys', async function() {
    await driver.get('https://www.selenium.dev/selenium/web/single_text_input.html')

    const textField = driver.findElement(By.id('textInput'))
    await textField.click()

    await driver.actions()
      .sendKeys('abc')
      .perform()

    assert.deepStrictEqual(await textField.getAttribute('value'), 'abc')
  })

  it('Designated Element', async function() {
    await driver.get('https://www.selenium.dev/selenium/web/single_text_input.html')

    await driver.findElement(By.css('body')).click()
    const textField = await driver.findElement(By.id('textInput'))

    await driver.actions()
      .sendKeys(textField, 'abc')
      .perform()

    assert.deepStrictEqual(await textField.getAttribute('value'), 'abc')
  })

  it('Copy and Paste', async function() {
    await driver.get('https://www.selenium.dev/selenium/web/single_text_input.html')

    const textField = await driver.findElement(By.id('textInput'))

    const cmdCtrl = platform.includes('darwin') ? Key.COMMAND : Key.CONTROL

    await driver.actions()
      .click(textField)
      .sendKeys('Selenium!')
      .sendKeys(Key.ARROW_LEFT)
      .keyDown(Key.SHIFT)
      .sendKeys(Key.ARROW_UP)
      .keyUp(Key.SHIFT)
      .keyDown(cmdCtrl)
      .sendKeys('xvv')
      .keyUp(cmdCtrl)
      .perform()

    assert.deepStrictEqual(await textField.getAttribute('value'), 'SeleniumSelenium!')
  })
})
View full example on GitHub
        Actions(driver)
                .keyDown(Keys.SHIFT)
                .sendKeys("a")
                .keyUp(Keys.SHIFT)
                .sendKeys("b")
                .perform()
Show full example
package dev.selenium.actions_api

import dev.selenium.BaseTest
import org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions
import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test
import org.openqa.selenium.By
import org.openqa.selenium.HasCapabilities
import org.openqa.selenium.Keys
import org.openqa.selenium.Platform
import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement
import org.openqa.selenium.interactions.Actions

class KeysTest : BaseTest() {

    @Test
    fun keyDown() {
        driver.get("https://www.selenium.dev/selenium/web/single_text_input.html")

        Actions(driver)
                .keyDown(Keys.SHIFT)
                .sendKeys("a")
                .perform()

        val textField = driver.findElement(By.id("textInput"))
        Assertions.assertEquals("A", textField.getAttribute("value"))
    }

    @Test
    fun keyUp() {
        driver.get("https://www.selenium.dev/selenium/web/single_text_input.html")

        Actions(driver)
                .keyDown(Keys.SHIFT)
                .sendKeys("a")
                .keyUp(Keys.SHIFT)
                .sendKeys("b")
                .perform()

        val textField = driver.findElement(By.id("textInput"))
        Assertions.assertEquals("Ab", textField.getAttribute("value"))
    }

    @Test
    fun sendKeysToActiveElement() {
        driver.get("https://www.selenium.dev/selenium/web/single_text_input.html")

        Actions(driver)
                .sendKeys("abc")
                .perform()

        val textField = driver.findElement(By.id("textInput"))
        Assertions.assertEquals("abc", textField.getAttribute("value"))
    }

    @Test
    fun sendKeysToDesignatedElement() {
        driver.get("https://www.selenium.dev/selenium/web/single_text_input.html")
        driver.findElement(By.tagName("body")).click()

        val textField = driver.findElement(By.id("textInput"))
        Actions(driver)
                .sendKeys(textField, "Selenium!")
                .perform()

        Assertions.assertEquals("Selenium!", textField.getAttribute("value"))
    }

    @Test
    fun copyAndPaste() {
        driver.get("https://www.selenium.dev/selenium/web/single_text_input.html")

        val platformName = (driver as HasCapabilities).getCapabilities().getPlatformName()

        val cmdCtrl = if(platformName == Platform.MAC) Keys.COMMAND else Keys.CONTROL

        val textField = driver.findElement(By.id("textInput"))
        Actions(driver)
                .sendKeys(textField, "Selenium!")
                .sendKeys(Keys.ARROW_LEFT)
                .keyDown(Keys.SHIFT)
                .sendKeys(Keys.ARROW_UP)
                .keyUp(Keys.SHIFT)
                .keyDown(cmdCtrl)
                .sendKeys("xvv")
                .keyUp(cmdCtrl)
                .perform()

        Assertions.assertEquals("SeleniumSelenium!", textField.getAttribute("value"))
    }
}
View full example on GitHub

Send keys

This is a convenience method in the Actions API that combines keyDown and keyUp commands in one action. Executing this command differs slightly from using the element method, but primarily this gets used when needing to type multiple characters in the middle of other actions.

Active Element

        new Actions(driver)
                .sendKeys("abc")
                .perform();
Show full example
package dev.selenium.actions_api;

import dev.selenium.BaseChromeTest;
import org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions;
import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
import org.openqa.selenium.By;
import org.openqa.selenium.Keys;
import org.openqa.selenium.Platform;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement;
import org.openqa.selenium.interactions.Actions;

public class KeysTest extends BaseChromeTest {
    @Test
    public void keyDown() {
        driver.get("https://www.selenium.dev/selenium/web/single_text_input.html");

        new Actions(driver)
                .keyDown(Keys.SHIFT)
                .sendKeys("a")
                .perform();

        WebElement textField = driver.findElement(By.id("textInput"));
        Assertions.assertEquals("A", textField.getAttribute("value"));
    }

    @Test
    public void keyUp() {
        driver.get("https://www.selenium.dev/selenium/web/single_text_input.html");

        new Actions(driver)
                .keyDown(Keys.SHIFT)
                .sendKeys("a")
                .keyUp(Keys.SHIFT)
                .sendKeys("b")
                .perform();

        WebElement textField = driver.findElement(By.id("textInput"));
        Assertions.assertEquals("Ab", textField.getAttribute("value"));
    }

    @Test
    public void sendKeysToActiveElement() {
        driver.get("https://www.selenium.dev/selenium/web/single_text_input.html");

        new Actions(driver)
                .sendKeys("abc")
                .perform();

        WebElement textField = driver.findElement(By.id("textInput"));
        Assertions.assertEquals("abc", textField.getAttribute("value"));
    }

    @Test
    public void sendKeysToDesignatedElement() {
        driver.get("https://www.selenium.dev/selenium/web/single_text_input.html");
        driver.findElement(By.tagName("body")).click();

        WebElement textField = driver.findElement(By.id("textInput"));
        new Actions(driver)
                .sendKeys(textField, "Selenium!")
                .perform();

        Assertions.assertEquals("Selenium!", textField.getAttribute("value"));
    }

    @Test
    public void copyAndPaste() {
        driver.get("https://www.selenium.dev/selenium/web/single_text_input.html");

        Keys cmdCtrl = Platform.getCurrent().is(Platform.MAC) ? Keys.COMMAND : Keys.CONTROL;

        WebElement textField = driver.findElement(By.id("textInput"));
        new Actions(driver)
                .sendKeys(textField, "Selenium!")
                .sendKeys(Keys.ARROW_LEFT)
                .keyDown(Keys.SHIFT)
                .sendKeys(Keys.ARROW_UP)
                .keyUp(Keys.SHIFT)
                .keyDown(cmdCtrl)
                .sendKeys("xvv")
                .keyUp(cmdCtrl)
                .perform();

        Assertions.assertEquals("SeleniumSelenium!", textField.getAttribute("value"));
    }
}
View full example on GitHub
    ActionChains(driver)\
        .send_keys("abc")\
        .perform()
Show full example
import sys

from selenium.webdriver import Keys, ActionChains
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By


def test_key_down(driver):
    driver.get('https://selenium.dev/selenium/web/single_text_input.html')

    ActionChains(driver)\
        .key_down(Keys.SHIFT)\
        .send_keys("abc")\
        .perform()

    assert driver.find_element(By.ID, "textInput").get_attribute('value') == "ABC"


def test_key_up(driver):
    driver.get('https://selenium.dev/selenium/web/single_text_input.html')

    ActionChains(driver)\
        .key_down(Keys.SHIFT)\
        .send_keys("a")\
        .key_up(Keys.SHIFT)\
        .send_keys("b")\
        .perform()

    assert driver.find_element(By.ID, "textInput").get_attribute('value') == "Ab"


def test_send_keys_to_active_element(driver):
    driver.get('https://selenium.dev/selenium/web/single_text_input.html')

    ActionChains(driver)\
        .send_keys("abc")\
        .perform()

    assert driver.find_element(By.ID, "textInput").get_attribute('value') == "abc"


def test_send_keys_to_designated_element(driver):
    driver.get('https://selenium.dev/selenium/web/single_text_input.html')
    driver.find_element(By.TAG_NAME, "body").click()

    text_input = driver.find_element(By.ID, "textInput")
    ActionChains(driver)\
        .send_keys_to_element(text_input, "abc")\
        .perform()

    assert driver.find_element(By.ID, "textInput").get_attribute('value') == "abc"


def test_copy_and_paste(firefox_driver):
    driver = firefox_driver
    driver.get('https://selenium.dev/selenium/web/single_text_input.html')
    cmd_ctrl = Keys.COMMAND if sys.platform == 'darwin' else Keys.CONTROL

    ActionChains(driver)\
        .send_keys("Selenium!")\
        .send_keys(Keys.ARROW_LEFT)\
        .key_down(Keys.SHIFT)\
        .send_keys(Keys.ARROW_UP)\
        .key_up(Keys.SHIFT)\
        .key_down(cmd_ctrl)\
        .send_keys("xvv")\
        .key_up(cmd_ctrl)\
        .perform()

    assert driver.find_element(By.ID, "textInput").get_attribute('value') == "SeleniumSelenium!"
View full example on GitHub

            new Actions(driver)
                .SendKeys("abc")
Show full example
using System;
using Microsoft.VisualStudio.TestTools.UnitTesting;
using OpenQA.Selenium;
using OpenQA.Selenium.Interactions;

namespace SeleniumDocs.ActionsAPI
{
    [TestClass]
    public class KeysTest : BaseFirefoxTest
    {
        [TestMethod]
        public void KeyDown()
        {
            driver.Url = "https://selenium.dev/selenium/web/single_text_input.html";

            new Actions(driver)
                .KeyDown(Keys.Shift)
                .SendKeys("a")
                .Perform();

            IWebElement textField = driver.FindElement(By.Id("textInput"));
            Assert.AreEqual("A", textField.GetAttribute("value"));
        }

        [TestMethod]
        public void KeyUp()
        {
            driver.Url = "https://selenium.dev/selenium/web/single_text_input.html";

            new Actions(driver)
                .KeyDown(Keys.Shift)
                .SendKeys("a")
                .KeyUp(Keys.Shift)
                .SendKeys("b")
                .Perform();

            IWebElement textField = driver.FindElement(By.Id("textInput"));
            Assert.AreEqual("Ab", textField.GetAttribute("value"));
        }
        
        [TestMethod]
        public void SendKeysToActiveElement()
        {
            driver.Url = "https://selenium.dev/selenium/web/single_text_input.html";

            new Actions(driver)
                .SendKeys("abc")
                .Perform();

            IWebElement textField = driver.FindElement(By.Id("textInput"));
            Assert.AreEqual("abc", textField.GetAttribute("value"));
        }
        
        [TestMethod]
        public void SendKeysToDesignatedElement()
        {
            driver.Url = "https://selenium.dev/selenium/web/single_text_input.html";
            driver.FindElement(By.TagName("body")).Click();
            
            IWebElement textField = driver.FindElement(By.Id("textInput"));
            new Actions(driver)
                .SendKeys(textField, "abc")
                .Perform();

            Assert.AreEqual("abc", textField.GetAttribute("value"));
        }

        [TestMethod]
        public void CopyAndPaste()
        {
            driver.Url = "https://selenium.dev/selenium/web/single_text_input.html";

            var capabilities = ((WebDriver)driver).Capabilities;
            String platformName = (string)capabilities.GetCapability("platformName");

            String cmdCtrl = platformName.Contains("mac") ? Keys.Command : Keys.Control;

            new Actions(driver)
                .SendKeys("Selenium!")
                .SendKeys(Keys.ArrowLeft)
                .KeyDown(Keys.Shift)
                .SendKeys(Keys.ArrowUp)
                .KeyUp(Keys.Shift)
                .KeyDown(cmdCtrl)
                .SendKeys("xvv")
                .KeyUp(cmdCtrl)
                .Perform();

            IWebElement textField = driver.FindElement(By.Id("textInput"));
            Assert.AreEqual("SeleniumSelenium!", textField.GetAttribute("value"));
        }
    }
}
View full example on GitHub
    driver.action
          .send_keys('abc')
          .perform
Show full example
# frozen_string_literal: true

require 'spec_helper'

RSpec.describe 'Keys' do
  let(:driver) { start_session }
  let(:wait) { Selenium::WebDriver::Wait.new(timeout: 2) }

  it 'key down' do
    driver.get 'https://www.selenium.dev/selenium/web/single_text_input.html'
    wait.until { driver.find_element(id: 'textInput').attribute('autofocus') }

    driver.action
          .key_down(:shift)
          .send_keys('a')
          .perform

    expect(driver.find_element(id: 'textInput').attribute('value')).to eq 'A'
  end

  it 'key up' do
    driver.get 'https://www.selenium.dev/selenium/web/single_text_input.html'
    wait.until { driver.find_element(id: 'textInput').attribute('autofocus') }

    driver.action
          .key_down(:shift)
          .send_keys('a')
          .key_up(:shift)
          .send_keys('b')
          .perform

    expect(driver.find_element(id: 'textInput').attribute('value')).to eq 'Ab'
  end

  it 'sends keys to active element' do
    driver.get 'https://www.selenium.dev/selenium/web/single_text_input.html'
    wait.until { driver.find_element(id: 'textInput').attribute('autofocus') }

    driver.action
          .send_keys('abc')
          .perform

    expect(driver.find_element(id: 'textInput').attribute('value')).to eq 'abc'
  end

  it 'sends keys to designated element' do
    driver.get 'https://www.selenium.dev/selenium/web/single_text_input.html'
    driver.find_element(tag_name: 'body').click
    wait.until { driver.find_element(id: 'textInput').attribute('autofocus') }

    text_field = driver.find_element(id: 'textInput')
    driver.action
          .send_keys(text_field, 'Selenium!')
          .perform

    expect(text_field.attribute('value')).to eq 'Selenium!'
  end

  it 'copy and paste' do
    driver.get 'https://www.selenium.dev/selenium/web/single_text_input.html'
    wait.until { driver.find_element(id: 'textInput').attribute('autofocus') }

    cmd_ctrl = driver.capabilities.platform_name.include?('mac') ? :command : :control
    driver.action
          .send_keys('Selenium!')
          .send_keys(:arrow_left)
          .key_down(:shift)
          .send_keys(:arrow_up)
          .key_up(:shift)
          .key_down(cmd_ctrl)
          .send_keys('xvv')
          .key_up(cmd_ctrl)
          .perform

    expect(driver.find_element(id: 'textInput').attribute('value')).to eq 'SeleniumSelenium!'
  end
end
View full example on GitHub
    await driver.actions()
      .sendKeys('abc')
      .perform()
Show full example
const { By, Key, Browser, Builder} = require('selenium-webdriver')
const assert = require('assert')
const { platform } = require('node:process')

describe('Keyboard Action - Keys test', function() {
  let driver

  before(async function() {
    driver = await new Builder().forBrowser('chrome').build();
  })

  after(async () => await driver.quit())

  it('KeyDown', async function() {
    await driver.get('https://www.selenium.dev/selenium/web/single_text_input.html')

    await driver.actions()
      .keyDown(Key.SHIFT)
      .sendKeys('a')
      .perform()

    const textField = driver.findElement(By.id('textInput'))
    assert.deepStrictEqual(await textField.getAttribute('value'), 'A')
  })

  it('KeyUp', async function() {
    await driver.get('https://www.selenium.dev/selenium/web/single_text_input.html')

    const textField = driver.findElement(By.id('textInput'))
    await textField.click()

    await driver.actions()
      .keyDown(Key.SHIFT)
      .sendKeys('a')
      .keyUp(Key.SHIFT)
      .sendKeys('b')
      .perform()

    assert.deepStrictEqual(await textField.getAttribute('value'), 'Ab')
  })

  it('sendKeys', async function() {
    await driver.get('https://www.selenium.dev/selenium/web/single_text_input.html')

    const textField = driver.findElement(By.id('textInput'))
    await textField.click()

    await driver.actions()
      .sendKeys('abc')
      .perform()

    assert.deepStrictEqual(await textField.getAttribute('value'), 'abc')
  })

  it('Designated Element', async function() {
    await driver.get('https://www.selenium.dev/selenium/web/single_text_input.html')

    await driver.findElement(By.css('body')).click()
    const textField = await driver.findElement(By.id('textInput'))

    await driver.actions()
      .sendKeys(textField, 'abc')
      .perform()

    assert.deepStrictEqual(await textField.getAttribute('value'), 'abc')
  })

  it('Copy and Paste', async function() {
    await driver.get('https://www.selenium.dev/selenium/web/single_text_input.html')

    const textField = await driver.findElement(By.id('textInput'))

    const cmdCtrl = platform.includes('darwin') ? Key.COMMAND : Key.CONTROL

    await driver.actions()
      .click(textField)
      .sendKeys('Selenium!')
      .sendKeys(Key.ARROW_LEFT)
      .keyDown(Key.SHIFT)
      .sendKeys(Key.ARROW_UP)
      .keyUp(Key.SHIFT)
      .keyDown(cmdCtrl)
      .sendKeys('xvv')
      .keyUp(cmdCtrl)
      .perform()

    assert.deepStrictEqual(await textField.getAttribute('value'), 'SeleniumSelenium!')
  })
})
View full example on GitHub
        Actions(driver)
                .sendKeys("abc")
                .perform()
Show full example
package dev.selenium.actions_api

import dev.selenium.BaseTest
import org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions
import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test
import org.openqa.selenium.By
import org.openqa.selenium.HasCapabilities
import org.openqa.selenium.Keys
import org.openqa.selenium.Platform
import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement
import org.openqa.selenium.interactions.Actions

class KeysTest : BaseTest() {

    @Test
    fun keyDown() {
        driver.get("https://www.selenium.dev/selenium/web/single_text_input.html")

        Actions(driver)
                .keyDown(Keys.SHIFT)
                .sendKeys("a")
                .perform()

        val textField = driver.findElement(By.id("textInput"))
        Assertions.assertEquals("A", textField.getAttribute("value"))
    }

    @Test
    fun keyUp() {
        driver.get("https://www.selenium.dev/selenium/web/single_text_input.html")

        Actions(driver)
                .keyDown(Keys.SHIFT)
                .sendKeys("a")
                .keyUp(Keys.SHIFT)
                .sendKeys("b")
                .perform()

        val textField = driver.findElement(By.id("textInput"))
        Assertions.assertEquals("Ab", textField.getAttribute("value"))
    }

    @Test
    fun sendKeysToActiveElement() {
        driver.get("https://www.selenium.dev/selenium/web/single_text_input.html")

        Actions(driver)
                .sendKeys("abc")
                .perform()

        val textField = driver.findElement(By.id("textInput"))
        Assertions.assertEquals("abc", textField.getAttribute("value"))
    }

    @Test
    fun sendKeysToDesignatedElement() {
        driver.get("https://www.selenium.dev/selenium/web/single_text_input.html")
        driver.findElement(By.tagName("body")).click()

        val textField = driver.findElement(By.id("textInput"))
        Actions(driver)
                .sendKeys(textField, "Selenium!")
                .perform()

        Assertions.assertEquals("Selenium!", textField.getAttribute("value"))
    }

    @Test
    fun copyAndPaste() {
        driver.get("https://www.selenium.dev/selenium/web/single_text_input.html")

        val platformName = (driver as HasCapabilities).getCapabilities().getPlatformName()

        val cmdCtrl = if(platformName == Platform.MAC) Keys.COMMAND else Keys.CONTROL

        val textField = driver.findElement(By.id("textInput"))
        Actions(driver)
                .sendKeys(textField, "Selenium!")
                .sendKeys(Keys.ARROW_LEFT)
                .keyDown(Keys.SHIFT)
                .sendKeys(Keys.ARROW_UP)
                .keyUp(Keys.SHIFT)
                .keyDown(cmdCtrl)
                .sendKeys("xvv")
                .keyUp(cmdCtrl)
                .perform()

        Assertions.assertEquals("SeleniumSelenium!", textField.getAttribute("value"))
    }
}
View full example on GitHub

Designated Element

        new Actions(driver)
                .sendKeys(textField, "Selenium!")
                .perform();
Show full example
package dev.selenium.actions_api;

import dev.selenium.BaseChromeTest;
import org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions;
import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
import org.openqa.selenium.By;
import org.openqa.selenium.Keys;
import org.openqa.selenium.Platform;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement;
import org.openqa.selenium.interactions.Actions;

public class KeysTest extends BaseChromeTest {
    @Test
    public void keyDown() {
        driver.get("https://www.selenium.dev/selenium/web/single_text_input.html");

        new Actions(driver)
                .keyDown(Keys.SHIFT)
                .sendKeys("a")
                .perform();

        WebElement textField = driver.findElement(By.id("textInput"));
        Assertions.assertEquals("A", textField.getAttribute("value"));
    }

    @Test
    public void keyUp() {
        driver.get("https://www.selenium.dev/selenium/web/single_text_input.html");

        new Actions(driver)
                .keyDown(Keys.SHIFT)
                .sendKeys("a")
                .keyUp(Keys.SHIFT)
                .sendKeys("b")
                .perform();

        WebElement textField = driver.findElement(By.id("textInput"));
        Assertions.assertEquals("Ab", textField.getAttribute("value"));
    }

    @Test
    public void sendKeysToActiveElement() {
        driver.get("https://www.selenium.dev/selenium/web/single_text_input.html");

        new Actions(driver)
                .sendKeys("abc")
                .perform();

        WebElement textField = driver.findElement(By.id("textInput"));
        Assertions.assertEquals("abc", textField.getAttribute("value"));
    }

    @Test
    public void sendKeysToDesignatedElement() {
        driver.get("https://www.selenium.dev/selenium/web/single_text_input.html");
        driver.findElement(By.tagName("body")).click();

        WebElement textField = driver.findElement(By.id("textInput"));
        new Actions(driver)
                .sendKeys(textField, "Selenium!")
                .perform();

        Assertions.assertEquals("Selenium!", textField.getAttribute("value"));
    }

    @Test
    public void copyAndPaste() {
        driver.get("https://www.selenium.dev/selenium/web/single_text_input.html");

        Keys cmdCtrl = Platform.getCurrent().is(Platform.MAC) ? Keys.COMMAND : Keys.CONTROL;

        WebElement textField = driver.findElement(By.id("textInput"));
        new Actions(driver)
                .sendKeys(textField, "Selenium!")
                .sendKeys(Keys.ARROW_LEFT)
                .keyDown(Keys.SHIFT)
                .sendKeys(Keys.ARROW_UP)
                .keyUp(Keys.SHIFT)
                .keyDown(cmdCtrl)
                .sendKeys("xvv")
                .keyUp(cmdCtrl)
                .perform();

        Assertions.assertEquals("SeleniumSelenium!", textField.getAttribute("value"));
    }
}
View full example on GitHub
    text_input = driver.find_element(By.ID, "textInput")
    ActionChains(driver)\
        .send_keys_to_element(text_input, "abc")\
        .perform()
Show full example
import sys

from selenium.webdriver import Keys, ActionChains
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By


def test_key_down(driver):
    driver.get('https://selenium.dev/selenium/web/single_text_input.html')

    ActionChains(driver)\
        .key_down(Keys.SHIFT)\
        .send_keys("abc")\
        .perform()

    assert driver.find_element(By.ID, "textInput").get_attribute('value') == "ABC"


def test_key_up(driver):
    driver.get('https://selenium.dev/selenium/web/single_text_input.html')

    ActionChains(driver)\
        .key_down(Keys.SHIFT)\
        .send_keys("a")\
        .key_up(Keys.SHIFT)\
        .send_keys("b")\
        .perform()

    assert driver.find_element(By.ID, "textInput").get_attribute('value') == "Ab"


def test_send_keys_to_active_element(driver):
    driver.get('https://selenium.dev/selenium/web/single_text_input.html')

    ActionChains(driver)\
        .send_keys("abc")\
        .perform()

    assert driver.find_element(By.ID, "textInput").get_attribute('value') == "abc"


def test_send_keys_to_designated_element(driver):
    driver.get('https://selenium.dev/selenium/web/single_text_input.html')
    driver.find_element(By.TAG_NAME, "body").click()

    text_input = driver.find_element(By.ID, "textInput")
    ActionChains(driver)\
        .send_keys_to_element(text_input, "abc")\
        .perform()

    assert driver.find_element(By.ID, "textInput").get_attribute('value') == "abc"


def test_copy_and_paste(firefox_driver):
    driver = firefox_driver
    driver.get('https://selenium.dev/selenium/web/single_text_input.html')
    cmd_ctrl = Keys.COMMAND if sys.platform == 'darwin' else Keys.CONTROL

    ActionChains(driver)\
        .send_keys("Selenium!")\
        .send_keys(Keys.ARROW_LEFT)\
        .key_down(Keys.SHIFT)\
        .send_keys(Keys.ARROW_UP)\
        .key_up(Keys.SHIFT)\
        .key_down(cmd_ctrl)\
        .send_keys("xvv")\
        .key_up(cmd_ctrl)\
        .perform()

    assert driver.find_element(By.ID, "textInput").get_attribute('value') == "SeleniumSelenium!"
View full example on GitHub
            driver.FindElement(By.TagName("body")).Click();
            
            IWebElement textField = driver.FindElement(By.Id("textInput"));
            new Actions(driver)
Show full example
using System;
using Microsoft.VisualStudio.TestTools.UnitTesting;
using OpenQA.Selenium;
using OpenQA.Selenium.Interactions;

namespace SeleniumDocs.ActionsAPI
{
    [TestClass]
    public class KeysTest : BaseFirefoxTest
    {
        [TestMethod]
        public void KeyDown()
        {
            driver.Url = "https://selenium.dev/selenium/web/single_text_input.html";

            new Actions(driver)
                .KeyDown(Keys.Shift)
                .SendKeys("a")
                .Perform();

            IWebElement textField = driver.FindElement(By.Id("textInput"));
            Assert.AreEqual("A", textField.GetAttribute("value"));
        }

        [TestMethod]
        public void KeyUp()
        {
            driver.Url = "https://selenium.dev/selenium/web/single_text_input.html";

            new Actions(driver)
                .KeyDown(Keys.Shift)
                .SendKeys("a")
                .KeyUp(Keys.Shift)
                .SendKeys("b")
                .Perform();

            IWebElement textField = driver.FindElement(By.Id("textInput"));
            Assert.AreEqual("Ab", textField.GetAttribute("value"));
        }
        
        [TestMethod]
        public void SendKeysToActiveElement()
        {
            driver.Url = "https://selenium.dev/selenium/web/single_text_input.html";

            new Actions(driver)
                .SendKeys("abc")
                .Perform();

            IWebElement textField = driver.FindElement(By.Id("textInput"));
            Assert.AreEqual("abc", textField.GetAttribute("value"));
        }
        
        [TestMethod]
        public void SendKeysToDesignatedElement()
        {
            driver.Url = "https://selenium.dev/selenium/web/single_text_input.html";
            driver.FindElement(By.TagName("body")).Click();
            
            IWebElement textField = driver.FindElement(By.Id("textInput"));
            new Actions(driver)
                .SendKeys(textField, "abc")
                .Perform();

            Assert.AreEqual("abc", textField.GetAttribute("value"));
        }

        [TestMethod]
        public void CopyAndPaste()
        {
            driver.Url = "https://selenium.dev/selenium/web/single_text_input.html";

            var capabilities = ((WebDriver)driver).Capabilities;
            String platformName = (string)capabilities.GetCapability("platformName");

            String cmdCtrl = platformName.Contains("mac") ? Keys.Command : Keys.Control;

            new Actions(driver)
                .SendKeys("Selenium!")
                .SendKeys(Keys.ArrowLeft)
                .KeyDown(Keys.Shift)
                .SendKeys(Keys.ArrowUp)
                .KeyUp(Keys.Shift)
                .KeyDown(cmdCtrl)
                .SendKeys("xvv")
                .KeyUp(cmdCtrl)
                .Perform();

            IWebElement textField = driver.FindElement(By.Id("textInput"));
            Assert.AreEqual("SeleniumSelenium!", textField.GetAttribute("value"));
        }
    }
}
View full example on GitHub
    text_field = driver.find_element(id: 'textInput')
    driver.action
          .send_keys(text_field, 'Selenium!')
          .perform
Show full example
# frozen_string_literal: true

require 'spec_helper'

RSpec.describe 'Keys' do
  let(:driver) { start_session }
  let(:wait) { Selenium::WebDriver::Wait.new(timeout: 2) }

  it 'key down' do
    driver.get 'https://www.selenium.dev/selenium/web/single_text_input.html'
    wait.until { driver.find_element(id: 'textInput').attribute('autofocus') }

    driver.action
          .key_down(:shift)
          .send_keys('a')
          .perform

    expect(driver.find_element(id: 'textInput').attribute('value')).to eq 'A'
  end

  it 'key up' do
    driver.get 'https://www.selenium.dev/selenium/web/single_text_input.html'
    wait.until { driver.find_element(id: 'textInput').attribute('autofocus') }

    driver.action
          .key_down(:shift)
          .send_keys('a')
          .key_up(:shift)
          .send_keys('b')
          .perform

    expect(driver.find_element(id: 'textInput').attribute('value')).to eq 'Ab'
  end

  it 'sends keys to active element' do
    driver.get 'https://www.selenium.dev/selenium/web/single_text_input.html'
    wait.until { driver.find_element(id: 'textInput').attribute('autofocus') }

    driver.action
          .send_keys('abc')
          .perform

    expect(driver.find_element(id: 'textInput').attribute('value')).to eq 'abc'
  end

  it 'sends keys to designated element' do
    driver.get 'https://www.selenium.dev/selenium/web/single_text_input.html'
    driver.find_element(tag_name: 'body').click
    wait.until { driver.find_element(id: 'textInput').attribute('autofocus') }

    text_field = driver.find_element(id: 'textInput')
    driver.action
          .send_keys(text_field, 'Selenium!')
          .perform

    expect(text_field.attribute('value')).to eq 'Selenium!'
  end

  it 'copy and paste' do
    driver.get 'https://www.selenium.dev/selenium/web/single_text_input.html'
    wait.until { driver.find_element(id: 'textInput').attribute('autofocus') }

    cmd_ctrl = driver.capabilities.platform_name.include?('mac') ? :command : :control
    driver.action
          .send_keys('Selenium!')
          .send_keys(:arrow_left)
          .key_down(:shift)
          .send_keys(:arrow_up)
          .key_up(:shift)
          .key_down(cmd_ctrl)
          .send_keys('xvv')
          .key_up(cmd_ctrl)
          .perform

    expect(driver.find_element(id: 'textInput').attribute('value')).to eq 'SeleniumSelenium!'
  end
end
View full example on GitHub

Selenium v4.5.0

    const textField = await driver.findElement(By.id('textInput'))

    await driver.actions()
      .sendKeys(textField, 'abc')
      .perform()
Show full example
const { By, Key, Browser, Builder} = require('selenium-webdriver')
const assert = require('assert')
const { platform } = require('node:process')

describe('Keyboard Action - Keys test', function() {
  let driver

  before(async function() {
    driver = await new Builder().forBrowser('chrome').build();
  })

  after(async () => await driver.quit())

  it('KeyDown', async function() {
    await driver.get('https://www.selenium.dev/selenium/web/single_text_input.html')

    await driver.actions()
      .keyDown(Key.SHIFT)
      .sendKeys('a')
      .perform()

    const textField = driver.findElement(By.id('textInput'))
    assert.deepStrictEqual(await textField.getAttribute('value'), 'A')
  })

  it('KeyUp', async function() {
    await driver.get('https://www.selenium.dev/selenium/web/single_text_input.html')

    const textField = driver.findElement(By.id('textInput'))
    await textField.click()

    await driver.actions()
      .keyDown(Key.SHIFT)
      .sendKeys('a')
      .keyUp(Key.SHIFT)
      .sendKeys('b')
      .perform()

    assert.deepStrictEqual(await textField.getAttribute('value'), 'Ab')
  })

  it('sendKeys', async function() {
    await driver.get('https://www.selenium.dev/selenium/web/single_text_input.html')

    const textField = driver.findElement(By.id('textInput'))
    await textField.click()

    await driver.actions()
      .sendKeys('abc')
      .perform()

    assert.deepStrictEqual(await textField.getAttribute('value'), 'abc')
  })

  it('Designated Element', async function() {
    await driver.get('https://www.selenium.dev/selenium/web/single_text_input.html')

    await driver.findElement(By.css('body')).click()
    const textField = await driver.findElement(By.id('textInput'))

    await driver.actions()
      .sendKeys(textField, 'abc')
      .perform()

    assert.deepStrictEqual(await textField.getAttribute('value'), 'abc')
  })

  it('Copy and Paste', async function() {
    await driver.get('https://www.selenium.dev/selenium/web/single_text_input.html')

    const textField = await driver.findElement(By.id('textInput'))

    const cmdCtrl = platform.includes('darwin') ? Key.COMMAND : Key.CONTROL

    await driver.actions()
      .click(textField)
      .sendKeys('Selenium!')
      .sendKeys(Key.ARROW_LEFT)
      .keyDown(Key.SHIFT)
      .sendKeys(Key.ARROW_UP)
      .keyUp(Key.SHIFT)
      .keyDown(cmdCtrl)
      .sendKeys('xvv')
      .keyUp(cmdCtrl)
      .perform()

    assert.deepStrictEqual(await textField.getAttribute('value'), 'SeleniumSelenium!')
  })
})
View full example on GitHub
        val textField = driver.findElement(By.id("textInput"))
        Actions(driver)
                .sendKeys(textField, "Selenium!")
                .perform()
Show full example
package dev.selenium.actions_api

import dev.selenium.BaseTest
import org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions
import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test
import org.openqa.selenium.By
import org.openqa.selenium.HasCapabilities
import org.openqa.selenium.Keys
import org.openqa.selenium.Platform
import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement
import org.openqa.selenium.interactions.Actions

class KeysTest : BaseTest() {

    @Test
    fun keyDown() {
        driver.get("https://www.selenium.dev/selenium/web/single_text_input.html")

        Actions(driver)
                .keyDown(Keys.SHIFT)
                .sendKeys("a")
                .perform()

        val textField = driver.findElement(By.id("textInput"))
        Assertions.assertEquals("A", textField.getAttribute("value"))
    }

    @Test
    fun keyUp() {
        driver.get("https://www.selenium.dev/selenium/web/single_text_input.html")

        Actions(driver)
                .keyDown(Keys.SHIFT)
                .sendKeys("a")
                .keyUp(Keys.SHIFT)
                .sendKeys("b")
                .perform()

        val textField = driver.findElement(By.id("textInput"))
        Assertions.assertEquals("Ab", textField.getAttribute("value"))
    }

    @Test
    fun sendKeysToActiveElement() {
        driver.get("https://www.selenium.dev/selenium/web/single_text_input.html")

        Actions(driver)
                .sendKeys("abc")
                .perform()

        val textField = driver.findElement(By.id("textInput"))
        Assertions.assertEquals("abc", textField.getAttribute("value"))
    }

    @Test
    fun sendKeysToDesignatedElement() {
        driver.get("https://www.selenium.dev/selenium/web/single_text_input.html")
        driver.findElement(By.tagName("body")).click()

        val textField = driver.findElement(By.id("textInput"))
        Actions(driver)
                .sendKeys(textField, "Selenium!")
                .perform()

        Assertions.assertEquals("Selenium!", textField.getAttribute("value"))
    }

    @Test
    fun copyAndPaste() {
        driver.get("https://www.selenium.dev/selenium/web/single_text_input.html")

        val platformName = (driver as HasCapabilities).getCapabilities().getPlatformName()

        val cmdCtrl = if(platformName == Platform.MAC) Keys.COMMAND else Keys.CONTROL

        val textField = driver.findElement(By.id("textInput"))
        Actions(driver)
                .sendKeys(textField, "Selenium!")
                .sendKeys(Keys.ARROW_LEFT)
                .keyDown(Keys.SHIFT)
                .sendKeys(Keys.ARROW_UP)
                .keyUp(Keys.SHIFT)
                .keyDown(cmdCtrl)
                .sendKeys("xvv")
                .keyUp(cmdCtrl)
                .perform()

        Assertions.assertEquals("SeleniumSelenium!", textField.getAttribute("value"))
    }
}
View full example on GitHub

Copy and Paste

Here’s an example of using all of the above methods to conduct a copy / paste action. Note that the key to use for this operation will be different depending on if it is a Mac OS or not. This code will end up with the text: SeleniumSelenium!

        Keys cmdCtrl = Platform.getCurrent().is(Platform.MAC) ? Keys.COMMAND : Keys.CONTROL;

        WebElement textField = driver.findElement(By.id("textInput"));
        new Actions(driver)
                .sendKeys(textField, "Selenium!")
                .sendKeys(Keys.ARROW_LEFT)
                .keyDown(Keys.SHIFT)
                .sendKeys(Keys.ARROW_UP)
                .keyUp(Keys.SHIFT)
                .keyDown(cmdCtrl)
                .sendKeys("xvv")
                .keyUp(cmdCtrl)
                .perform();

        Assertions.assertEquals("SeleniumSelenium!", textField.getAttribute("value"));
Show full example
package dev.selenium.actions_api;

import dev.selenium.BaseChromeTest;
import org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions;
import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
import org.openqa.selenium.By;
import org.openqa.selenium.Keys;
import org.openqa.selenium.Platform;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement;
import org.openqa.selenium.interactions.Actions;

public class KeysTest extends BaseChromeTest {
    @Test
    public void keyDown() {
        driver.get("https://www.selenium.dev/selenium/web/single_text_input.html");

        new Actions(driver)
                .keyDown(Keys.SHIFT)
                .sendKeys("a")
                .perform();

        WebElement textField = driver.findElement(By.id("textInput"));
        Assertions.assertEquals("A", textField.getAttribute("value"));
    }

    @Test
    public void keyUp() {
        driver.get("https://www.selenium.dev/selenium/web/single_text_input.html");

        new Actions(driver)
                .keyDown(Keys.SHIFT)
                .sendKeys("a")
                .keyUp(Keys.SHIFT)
                .sendKeys("b")
                .perform();

        WebElement textField = driver.findElement(By.id("textInput"));
        Assertions.assertEquals("Ab", textField.getAttribute("value"));
    }

    @Test
    public void sendKeysToActiveElement() {
        driver.get("https://www.selenium.dev/selenium/web/single_text_input.html");

        new Actions(driver)
                .sendKeys("abc")
                .perform();

        WebElement textField = driver.findElement(By.id("textInput"));
        Assertions.assertEquals("abc", textField.getAttribute("value"));
    }

    @Test
    public void sendKeysToDesignatedElement() {
        driver.get("https://www.selenium.dev/selenium/web/single_text_input.html");
        driver.findElement(By.tagName("body")).click();

        WebElement textField = driver.findElement(By.id("textInput"));
        new Actions(driver)
                .sendKeys(textField, "Selenium!")
                .perform();

        Assertions.assertEquals("Selenium!", textField.getAttribute("value"));
    }

    @Test
    public void copyAndPaste() {
        driver.get("https://www.selenium.dev/selenium/web/single_text_input.html");

        Keys cmdCtrl = Platform.getCurrent().is(Platform.MAC) ? Keys.COMMAND : Keys.CONTROL;

        WebElement textField = driver.findElement(By.id("textInput"));
        new Actions(driver)
                .sendKeys(textField, "Selenium!")
                .sendKeys(Keys.ARROW_LEFT)
                .keyDown(Keys.SHIFT)
                .sendKeys(Keys.ARROW_UP)
                .keyUp(Keys.SHIFT)
                .keyDown(cmdCtrl)
                .sendKeys("xvv")
                .keyUp(cmdCtrl)
                .perform();

        Assertions.assertEquals("SeleniumSelenium!", textField.getAttribute("value"));
    }
}
View full example on GitHub
    cmd_ctrl = Keys.COMMAND if sys.platform == 'darwin' else Keys.CONTROL

    ActionChains(driver)\
        .send_keys("Selenium!")\
        .send_keys(Keys.ARROW_LEFT)\
        .key_down(Keys.SHIFT)\
        .send_keys(Keys.ARROW_UP)\
        .key_up(Keys.SHIFT)\
        .key_down(cmd_ctrl)\
        .send_keys("xvv")\
        .key_up(cmd_ctrl)\
        .perform()
Show full example
import sys

from selenium.webdriver import Keys, ActionChains
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By


def test_key_down(driver):
    driver.get('https://selenium.dev/selenium/web/single_text_input.html')

    ActionChains(driver)\
        .key_down(Keys.SHIFT)\
        .send_keys("abc")\
        .perform()

    assert driver.find_element(By.ID, "textInput").get_attribute('value') == "ABC"


def test_key_up(driver):
    driver.get('https://selenium.dev/selenium/web/single_text_input.html')

    ActionChains(driver)\
        .key_down(Keys.SHIFT)\
        .send_keys("a")\
        .key_up(Keys.SHIFT)\
        .send_keys("b")\
        .perform()

    assert driver.find_element(By.ID, "textInput").get_attribute('value') == "Ab"


def test_send_keys_to_active_element(driver):
    driver.get('https://selenium.dev/selenium/web/single_text_input.html')

    ActionChains(driver)\
        .send_keys("abc")\
        .perform()

    assert driver.find_element(By.ID, "textInput").get_attribute('value') == "abc"


def test_send_keys_to_designated_element(driver):
    driver.get('https://selenium.dev/selenium/web/single_text_input.html')
    driver.find_element(By.TAG_NAME, "body").click()

    text_input = driver.find_element(By.ID, "textInput")
    ActionChains(driver)\
        .send_keys_to_element(text_input, "abc")\
        .perform()

    assert driver.find_element(By.ID, "textInput").get_attribute('value') == "abc"


def test_copy_and_paste(firefox_driver):
    driver = firefox_driver
    driver.get('https://selenium.dev/selenium/web/single_text_input.html')
    cmd_ctrl = Keys.COMMAND if sys.platform == 'darwin' else Keys.CONTROL

    ActionChains(driver)\
        .send_keys("Selenium!")\
        .send_keys(Keys.ARROW_LEFT)\
        .key_down(Keys.SHIFT)\
        .send_keys(Keys.ARROW_UP)\
        .key_up(Keys.SHIFT)\
        .key_down(cmd_ctrl)\
        .send_keys("xvv")\
        .key_up(cmd_ctrl)\
        .perform()

    assert driver.find_element(By.ID, "textInput").get_attribute('value') == "SeleniumSelenium!"
View full example on GitHub

            var capabilities = ((WebDriver)driver).Capabilities;
            String platformName = (string)capabilities.GetCapability("platformName");

            String cmdCtrl = platformName.Contains("mac") ? Keys.Command : Keys.Control;

            new Actions(driver)
                .SendKeys("Selenium!")
                .SendKeys(Keys.ArrowLeft)
                .KeyDown(Keys.Shift)
                .SendKeys(Keys.ArrowUp)
Show full example
using System;
using Microsoft.VisualStudio.TestTools.UnitTesting;
using OpenQA.Selenium;
using OpenQA.Selenium.Interactions;

namespace SeleniumDocs.ActionsAPI
{
    [TestClass]
    public class KeysTest : BaseFirefoxTest
    {
        [TestMethod]
        public void KeyDown()
        {
            driver.Url = "https://selenium.dev/selenium/web/single_text_input.html";

            new Actions(driver)
                .KeyDown(Keys.Shift)
                .SendKeys("a")
                .Perform();

            IWebElement textField = driver.FindElement(By.Id("textInput"));
            Assert.AreEqual("A", textField.GetAttribute("value"));
        }

        [TestMethod]
        public void KeyUp()
        {
            driver.Url = "https://selenium.dev/selenium/web/single_text_input.html";

            new Actions(driver)
                .KeyDown(Keys.Shift)
                .SendKeys("a")
                .KeyUp(Keys.Shift)
                .SendKeys("b")
                .Perform();

            IWebElement textField = driver.FindElement(By.Id("textInput"));
            Assert.AreEqual("Ab", textField.GetAttribute("value"));
        }
        
        [TestMethod]
        public void SendKeysToActiveElement()
        {
            driver.Url = "https://selenium.dev/selenium/web/single_text_input.html";

            new Actions(driver)
                .SendKeys("abc")
                .Perform();

            IWebElement textField = driver.FindElement(By.Id("textInput"));
            Assert.AreEqual("abc", textField.GetAttribute("value"));
        }
        
        [TestMethod]
        public void SendKeysToDesignatedElement()
        {
            driver.Url = "https://selenium.dev/selenium/web/single_text_input.html";
            driver.FindElement(By.TagName("body")).Click();
            
            IWebElement textField = driver.FindElement(By.Id("textInput"));
            new Actions(driver)
                .SendKeys(textField, "abc")
                .Perform();

            Assert.AreEqual("abc", textField.GetAttribute("value"));
        }

        [TestMethod]
        public void CopyAndPaste()
        {
            driver.Url = "https://selenium.dev/selenium/web/single_text_input.html";

            var capabilities = ((WebDriver)driver).Capabilities;
            String platformName = (string)capabilities.GetCapability("platformName");

            String cmdCtrl = platformName.Contains("mac") ? Keys.Command : Keys.Control;

            new Actions(driver)
                .SendKeys("Selenium!")
                .SendKeys(Keys.ArrowLeft)
                .KeyDown(Keys.Shift)
                .SendKeys(Keys.ArrowUp)
                .KeyUp(Keys.Shift)
                .KeyDown(cmdCtrl)
                .SendKeys("xvv")
                .KeyUp(cmdCtrl)
                .Perform();

            IWebElement textField = driver.FindElement(By.Id("textInput"));
            Assert.AreEqual("SeleniumSelenium!", textField.GetAttribute("value"));
        }
    }
}
View full example on GitHub
    driver.action
          .send_keys('Selenium!')
          .send_keys(:arrow_left)
          .key_down(:shift)
          .send_keys(:arrow_up)
          .key_up(:shift)
          .key_down(cmd_ctrl)
          .send_keys('xvv')
          .key_up(cmd_ctrl)
          .perform
Show full example
# frozen_string_literal: true

require 'spec_helper'

RSpec.describe 'Keys' do
  let(:driver) { start_session }
  let(:wait) { Selenium::WebDriver::Wait.new(timeout: 2) }

  it 'key down' do
    driver.get 'https://www.selenium.dev/selenium/web/single_text_input.html'
    wait.until { driver.find_element(id: 'textInput').attribute('autofocus') }

    driver.action
          .key_down(:shift)
          .send_keys('a')
          .perform

    expect(driver.find_element(id: 'textInput').attribute('value')).to eq 'A'
  end

  it 'key up' do
    driver.get 'https://www.selenium.dev/selenium/web/single_text_input.html'
    wait.until { driver.find_element(id: 'textInput').attribute('autofocus') }

    driver.action
          .key_down(:shift)
          .send_keys('a')
          .key_up(:shift)
          .send_keys('b')
          .perform

    expect(driver.find_element(id: 'textInput').attribute('value')).to eq 'Ab'
  end

  it 'sends keys to active element' do
    driver.get 'https://www.selenium.dev/selenium/web/single_text_input.html'
    wait.until { driver.find_element(id: 'textInput').attribute('autofocus') }

    driver.action
          .send_keys('abc')
          .perform

    expect(driver.find_element(id: 'textInput').attribute('value')).to eq 'abc'
  end

  it 'sends keys to designated element' do
    driver.get 'https://www.selenium.dev/selenium/web/single_text_input.html'
    driver.find_element(tag_name: 'body').click
    wait.until { driver.find_element(id: 'textInput').attribute('autofocus') }

    text_field = driver.find_element(id: 'textInput')
    driver.action
          .send_keys(text_field, 'Selenium!')
          .perform

    expect(text_field.attribute('value')).to eq 'Selenium!'
  end

  it 'copy and paste' do
    driver.get 'https://www.selenium.dev/selenium/web/single_text_input.html'
    wait.until { driver.find_element(id: 'textInput').attribute('autofocus') }

    cmd_ctrl = driver.capabilities.platform_name.include?('mac') ? :command : :control
    driver.action
          .send_keys('Selenium!')
          .send_keys(:arrow_left)
          .key_down(:shift)
          .send_keys(:arrow_up)
          .key_up(:shift)
          .key_down(cmd_ctrl)
          .send_keys('xvv')
          .key_up(cmd_ctrl)
          .perform

    expect(driver.find_element(id: 'textInput').attribute('value')).to eq 'SeleniumSelenium!'
  end
end
View full example on GitHub
    const cmdCtrl = platform.includes('darwin') ? Key.COMMAND : Key.CONTROL

    await driver.actions()
      .click(textField)
      .sendKeys('Selenium!')
      .sendKeys(Key.ARROW_LEFT)
      .keyDown(Key.SHIFT)
      .sendKeys(Key.ARROW_UP)
      .keyUp(Key.SHIFT)
      .keyDown(cmdCtrl)
      .sendKeys('xvv')
      .keyUp(cmdCtrl)
      .perform()
Show full example
const { By, Key, Browser, Builder} = require('selenium-webdriver')
const assert = require('assert')
const { platform } = require('node:process')

describe('Keyboard Action - Keys test', function() {
  let driver

  before(async function() {
    driver = await new Builder().forBrowser('chrome').build();
  })

  after(async () => await driver.quit())

  it('KeyDown', async function() {
    await driver.get('https://www.selenium.dev/selenium/web/single_text_input.html')

    await driver.actions()
      .keyDown(Key.SHIFT)
      .sendKeys('a')
      .perform()

    const textField = driver.findElement(By.id('textInput'))
    assert.deepStrictEqual(await textField.getAttribute('value'), 'A')
  })

  it('KeyUp', async function() {
    await driver.get('https://www.selenium.dev/selenium/web/single_text_input.html')

    const textField = driver.findElement(By.id('textInput'))
    await textField.click()

    await driver.actions()
      .keyDown(Key.SHIFT)
      .sendKeys('a')
      .keyUp(Key.SHIFT)
      .sendKeys('b')
      .perform()

    assert.deepStrictEqual(await textField.getAttribute('value'), 'Ab')
  })

  it('sendKeys', async function() {
    await driver.get('https://www.selenium.dev/selenium/web/single_text_input.html')

    const textField = driver.findElement(By.id('textInput'))
    await textField.click()

    await driver.actions()
      .sendKeys('abc')
      .perform()

    assert.deepStrictEqual(await textField.getAttribute('value'), 'abc')
  })

  it('Designated Element', async function() {
    await driver.get('https://www.selenium.dev/selenium/web/single_text_input.html')

    await driver.findElement(By.css('body')).click()
    const textField = await driver.findElement(By.id('textInput'))

    await driver.actions()
      .sendKeys(textField, 'abc')
      .perform()

    assert.deepStrictEqual(await textField.getAttribute('value'), 'abc')
  })

  it('Copy and Paste', async function() {
    await driver.get('https://www.selenium.dev/selenium/web/single_text_input.html')

    const textField = await driver.findElement(By.id('textInput'))

    const cmdCtrl = platform.includes('darwin') ? Key.COMMAND : Key.CONTROL

    await driver.actions()
      .click(textField)
      .sendKeys('Selenium!')
      .sendKeys(Key.ARROW_LEFT)
      .keyDown(Key.SHIFT)
      .sendKeys(Key.ARROW_UP)
      .keyUp(Key.SHIFT)
      .keyDown(cmdCtrl)
      .sendKeys('xvv')
      .keyUp(cmdCtrl)
      .perform()

    assert.deepStrictEqual(await textField.getAttribute('value'), 'SeleniumSelenium!')
  })
})
View full example on GitHub
        val cmdCtrl = if(platformName == Platform.MAC) Keys.COMMAND else Keys.CONTROL

        val textField = driver.findElement(By.id("textInput"))
        Actions(driver)
                .sendKeys(textField, "Selenium!")
                .sendKeys(Keys.ARROW_LEFT)
                .keyDown(Keys.SHIFT)
                .sendKeys(Keys.ARROW_UP)
                .keyUp(Keys.SHIFT)
                .keyDown(cmdCtrl)
                .sendKeys("xvv")
                .keyUp(cmdCtrl)
                .perform()
Show full example
package dev.selenium.actions_api

import dev.selenium.BaseTest
import org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions
import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test
import org.openqa.selenium.By
import org.openqa.selenium.HasCapabilities
import org.openqa.selenium.Keys
import org.openqa.selenium.Platform
import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement
import org.openqa.selenium.interactions.Actions

class KeysTest : BaseTest() {

    @Test
    fun keyDown() {
        driver.get("https://www.selenium.dev/selenium/web/single_text_input.html")

        Actions(driver)
                .keyDown(Keys.SHIFT)
                .sendKeys("a")
                .perform()

        val textField = driver.findElement(By.id("textInput"))
        Assertions.assertEquals("A", textField.getAttribute("value"))
    }

    @Test
    fun keyUp() {
        driver.get("https://www.selenium.dev/selenium/web/single_text_input.html")

        Actions(driver)
                .keyDown(Keys.SHIFT)
                .sendKeys("a")
                .keyUp(Keys.SHIFT)
                .sendKeys("b")
                .perform()

        val textField = driver.findElement(By.id("textInput"))
        Assertions.assertEquals("Ab", textField.getAttribute("value"))
    }

    @Test
    fun sendKeysToActiveElement() {
        driver.get("https://www.selenium.dev/selenium/web/single_text_input.html")

        Actions(driver)
                .sendKeys("abc")
                .perform()

        val textField = driver.findElement(By.id("textInput"))
        Assertions.assertEquals("abc", textField.getAttribute("value"))
    }

    @Test
    fun sendKeysToDesignatedElement() {
        driver.get("https://www.selenium.dev/selenium/web/single_text_input.html")
        driver.findElement(By.tagName("body")).click()

        val textField = driver.findElement(By.id("textInput"))
        Actions(driver)
                .sendKeys(textField, "Selenium!")
                .perform()

        Assertions.assertEquals("Selenium!", textField.getAttribute("value"))
    }

    @Test
    fun copyAndPaste() {
        driver.get("https://www.selenium.dev/selenium/web/single_text_input.html")

        val platformName = (driver as HasCapabilities).getCapabilities().getPlatformName()

        val cmdCtrl = if(platformName == Platform.MAC) Keys.COMMAND else Keys.CONTROL

        val textField = driver.findElement(By.id("textInput"))
        Actions(driver)
                .sendKeys(textField, "Selenium!")
                .sendKeys(Keys.ARROW_LEFT)
                .keyDown(Keys.SHIFT)
                .sendKeys(Keys.ARROW_UP)
                .keyUp(Keys.SHIFT)
                .keyDown(cmdCtrl)
                .sendKeys("xvv")
                .keyUp(cmdCtrl)
                .perform()

        Assertions.assertEquals("SeleniumSelenium!", textField.getAttribute("value"))
    }
}
View full example on GitHub
Last modified August 4, 2024: refactor[js]: update code samples to use mocha and update docs (4e38f3fbcd)