编写第一个Selenium脚本

逐步构建一个Selenium脚本的说明

当你完成 Selenium安装后, 便可以开始书写Selenium脚本了.

八个基本组成部分

Selenium所做的一切, 就是发送给浏览器命令, 用以执行某些操作或为信息发送请求. 您将使用Selenium执行的大部分操作, 都是以下基本命令的组合

点击 “View full example on GitHub” 的链接以查看上下文中的代码.

1. 使用驱动实例开启会话

关于如何启动会话，请浏览我们的文档驱动会话

        WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();

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package dev.selenium.getting_started;

import org.openqa.selenium.By;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement;
import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver;

import java.time.Duration;

public class FirstScript {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();

        driver.get("https://www.selenium.dev/selenium/web/web-form.html");

        driver.getTitle();

        driver.manage().timeouts().implicitlyWait(Duration.ofMillis(500));

        WebElement textBox = driver.findElement(By.name("my-text"));
        WebElement submitButton = driver.findElement(By.cssSelector("button"));

        textBox.sendKeys("Selenium");
        submitButton.click();

        WebElement message = driver.findElement(By.id("message"));
        message.getText();

        driver.quit();
    }
}

View full example on GitHub

driver = webdriver.Chrome()

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from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By

driver = webdriver.Chrome()

driver.get("https://www.selenium.dev/selenium/web/web-form.html")

title = driver.title

driver.implicitly_wait(0.5)

text_box = driver.find_element(by=By.NAME, value="my-text")
submit_button = driver.find_element(by=By.CSS_SELECTOR, value="button")

text_box.send_keys("Selenium")
submit_button.click()

message = driver.find_element(by=By.ID, value="message")
text = message.text

driver.quit()

View full example on GitHub

        IWebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();

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using System;
using OpenQA.Selenium;
using OpenQA.Selenium.Chrome;

namespace SeleniumDocs.GettingStarted;

public static class FirstScript
{
    public static void Main()
    {
        IWebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();

        driver.Navigate().GoToUrl("https://www.selenium.dev/selenium/web/web-form.html");

        var title = driver.Title;

        driver.Manage().Timeouts().ImplicitWait = TimeSpan.FromMilliseconds(500);

        var textBox = driver.FindElement(By.Name("my-text"));
        var submitButton = driver.FindElement(By.TagName("button"));
            
        textBox.SendKeys("Selenium");
        submitButton.Click();
            
        var message = driver.FindElement(By.Id("message"));
        var value = message.Text;
            
        driver.Quit();
    }
}

View full example on GitHub

driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome

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require 'selenium-webdriver'

driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome

driver.get('https://www.selenium.dev/selenium/web/web-form.html')

driver.title

driver.manage.timeouts.implicit_wait = 500

text_box = driver.find_element(name: 'my-text')
submit_button = driver.find_element(tag_name: 'button')

text_box.send_keys('Selenium')
submit_button.click

message = driver.find_element(id: 'message')
message.text

driver.quit

View full example on GitHub

    driver = await new Builder().forBrowser(Browser.CHROME).build();

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const {By, Builder, Browser} = require('selenium-webdriver');
const assert = require("assert");

(async function firstTest() {
  let driver;
  
  try {
    driver = await new Builder().forBrowser(Browser.CHROME).build();
    await driver.get('https://www.selenium.dev/selenium/web/web-form.html');
  
    let title = await driver.getTitle();
    assert.equal("Web form", title);
  
    await driver.manage().setTimeouts({implicit: 500});
  
    let textBox = await driver.findElement(By.name('my-text'));
    let submitButton = await driver.findElement(By.css('button'));
  
    await textBox.sendKeys('Selenium');
    await submitButton.click();
  
    let message = await driver.findElement(By.id('message'));
    let value = await message.getText();
    assert.equal("Received!", value);
  } catch (e) {
    console.log(e)
  } finally {
    await driver.quit();
  }
}())

View full example on GitHub

        driver = ChromeDriver()

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package dev.selenium.getting_started

import org.junit.jupiter.api.*
import org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertEquals
import org.openqa.selenium.By
import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver
import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver
import java.time.Duration

@TestInstance(TestInstance.Lifecycle.PER_CLASS)
class FirstScriptTest {
    private lateinit var driver: WebDriver

    @Test
    fun eightComponents() {
        driver = ChromeDriver()

        driver.get("https://www.selenium.dev/selenium/web/web-form.html")

        val title = driver.title
        assertEquals("Web form", title)

        driver.manage().timeouts().implicitlyWait(Duration.ofMillis(500))

        var textBox = driver.findElement(By.name("my-text"))
        val submitButton = driver.findElement(By.cssSelector("button"))

        textBox.sendKeys("Selenium")
        submitButton.click()

        val message = driver.findElement(By.id("message"))
        val value = message.getText()
        assertEquals("Received!", value)

        driver.quit()
    }

}

View full example on GitHub

2. 在浏览器上执行操作

在本例中, 我们导航到一个网页.

        driver.get("https://www.selenium.dev/selenium/web/web-form.html");

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package dev.selenium.getting_started;

import org.openqa.selenium.By;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement;
import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver;

import java.time.Duration;

public class FirstScript {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();

        driver.get("https://www.selenium.dev/selenium/web/web-form.html");

        driver.getTitle();

        driver.manage().timeouts().implicitlyWait(Duration.ofMillis(500));

        WebElement textBox = driver.findElement(By.name("my-text"));
        WebElement submitButton = driver.findElement(By.cssSelector("button"));

        textBox.sendKeys("Selenium");
        submitButton.click();

        WebElement message = driver.findElement(By.id("message"));
        message.getText();

        driver.quit();
    }
}

View full example on GitHub

driver.get("https://www.selenium.dev/selenium/web/web-form.html")

Show full example

from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By

driver = webdriver.Chrome()

driver.get("https://www.selenium.dev/selenium/web/web-form.html")

title = driver.title

driver.implicitly_wait(0.5)

text_box = driver.find_element(by=By.NAME, value="my-text")
submit_button = driver.find_element(by=By.CSS_SELECTOR, value="button")

text_box.send_keys("Selenium")
submit_button.click()

message = driver.find_element(by=By.ID, value="message")
text = message.text

driver.quit()

View full example on GitHub

        driver.Navigate().GoToUrl("https://www.selenium.dev/selenium/web/web-form.html");

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using System;
using OpenQA.Selenium;
using OpenQA.Selenium.Chrome;

namespace SeleniumDocs.GettingStarted;

public static class FirstScript
{
    public static void Main()
    {
        IWebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();

        driver.Navigate().GoToUrl("https://www.selenium.dev/selenium/web/web-form.html");

        var title = driver.Title;

        driver.Manage().Timeouts().ImplicitWait = TimeSpan.FromMilliseconds(500);

        var textBox = driver.FindElement(By.Name("my-text"));
        var submitButton = driver.FindElement(By.TagName("button"));
            
        textBox.SendKeys("Selenium");
        submitButton.Click();
            
        var message = driver.FindElement(By.Id("message"));
        var value = message.Text;
            
        driver.Quit();
    }
}

View full example on GitHub

driver.get('https://www.selenium.dev/selenium/web/web-form.html')

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require 'selenium-webdriver'

driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome

driver.get('https://www.selenium.dev/selenium/web/web-form.html')

driver.title

driver.manage.timeouts.implicit_wait = 500

text_box = driver.find_element(name: 'my-text')
submit_button = driver.find_element(tag_name: 'button')

text_box.send_keys('Selenium')
submit_button.click

message = driver.find_element(id: 'message')
message.text

driver.quit

View full example on GitHub

    await driver.get('https://www.selenium.dev/selenium/web/web-form.html');

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const {By, Builder, Browser} = require('selenium-webdriver');
const assert = require("assert");

(async function firstTest() {
  let driver;
  
  try {
    driver = await new Builder().forBrowser(Browser.CHROME).build();
    await driver.get('https://www.selenium.dev/selenium/web/web-form.html');
  
    let title = await driver.getTitle();
    assert.equal("Web form", title);
  
    await driver.manage().setTimeouts({implicit: 500});
  
    let textBox = await driver.findElement(By.name('my-text'));
    let submitButton = await driver.findElement(By.css('button'));
  
    await textBox.sendKeys('Selenium');
    await submitButton.click();
  
    let message = await driver.findElement(By.id('message'));
    let value = await message.getText();
    assert.equal("Received!", value);
  } catch (e) {
    console.log(e)
  } finally {
    await driver.quit();
  }
}())

View full example on GitHub

        driver.get("https://www.selenium.dev/selenium/web/web-form.html")

Show full example

package dev.selenium.getting_started

import org.junit.jupiter.api.*
import org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertEquals
import org.openqa.selenium.By
import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver
import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver
import java.time.Duration

@TestInstance(TestInstance.Lifecycle.PER_CLASS)
class FirstScriptTest {
    private lateinit var driver: WebDriver

    @Test
    fun eightComponents() {
        driver = ChromeDriver()

        driver.get("https://www.selenium.dev/selenium/web/web-form.html")

        val title = driver.title
        assertEquals("Web form", title)

        driver.manage().timeouts().implicitlyWait(Duration.ofMillis(500))

        var textBox = driver.findElement(By.name("my-text"))
        val submitButton = driver.findElement(By.cssSelector("button"))

        textBox.sendKeys("Selenium")
        submitButton.click()

        val message = driver.findElement(By.id("message"))
        val value = message.getText()
        assertEquals("Received!", value)

        driver.quit()
    }

}

View full example on GitHub

3. 请求浏览器信息

您可以请求一系列关于浏览器的信息 , 包括窗口句柄、浏览器尺寸/位置、cookie、警报等.

        driver.getTitle();

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package dev.selenium.getting_started;

import org.openqa.selenium.By;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement;
import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver;

import java.time.Duration;

public class FirstScript {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();

        driver.get("https://www.selenium.dev/selenium/web/web-form.html");

        driver.getTitle();

        driver.manage().timeouts().implicitlyWait(Duration.ofMillis(500));

        WebElement textBox = driver.findElement(By.name("my-text"));
        WebElement submitButton = driver.findElement(By.cssSelector("button"));

        textBox.sendKeys("Selenium");
        submitButton.click();

        WebElement message = driver.findElement(By.id("message"));
        message.getText();

        driver.quit();
    }
}

View full example on GitHub

title = driver.title

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from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By

driver = webdriver.Chrome()

driver.get("https://www.selenium.dev/selenium/web/web-form.html")

title = driver.title

driver.implicitly_wait(0.5)

text_box = driver.find_element(by=By.NAME, value="my-text")
submit_button = driver.find_element(by=By.CSS_SELECTOR, value="button")

text_box.send_keys("Selenium")
submit_button.click()

message = driver.find_element(by=By.ID, value="message")
text = message.text

driver.quit()

View full example on GitHub

        var title = driver.Title;

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using System;
using OpenQA.Selenium;
using OpenQA.Selenium.Chrome;

namespace SeleniumDocs.GettingStarted;

public static class FirstScript
{
    public static void Main()
    {
        IWebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();

        driver.Navigate().GoToUrl("https://www.selenium.dev/selenium/web/web-form.html");

        var title = driver.Title;

        driver.Manage().Timeouts().ImplicitWait = TimeSpan.FromMilliseconds(500);

        var textBox = driver.FindElement(By.Name("my-text"));
        var submitButton = driver.FindElement(By.TagName("button"));
            
        textBox.SendKeys("Selenium");
        submitButton.Click();
            
        var message = driver.FindElement(By.Id("message"));
        var value = message.Text;
            
        driver.Quit();
    }
}

View full example on GitHub

driver.title

Show full example

require 'selenium-webdriver'

driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome

driver.get('https://www.selenium.dev/selenium/web/web-form.html')

driver.title

driver.manage.timeouts.implicit_wait = 500

text_box = driver.find_element(name: 'my-text')
submit_button = driver.find_element(tag_name: 'button')

text_box.send_keys('Selenium')
submit_button.click

message = driver.find_element(id: 'message')
message.text

driver.quit

View full example on GitHub

    let title = await driver.getTitle();

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const {By, Builder, Browser} = require('selenium-webdriver');
const assert = require("assert");

(async function firstTest() {
  let driver;
  
  try {
    driver = await new Builder().forBrowser(Browser.CHROME).build();
    await driver.get('https://www.selenium.dev/selenium/web/web-form.html');
  
    let title = await driver.getTitle();
    assert.equal("Web form", title);
  
    await driver.manage().setTimeouts({implicit: 500});
  
    let textBox = await driver.findElement(By.name('my-text'));
    let submitButton = await driver.findElement(By.css('button'));
  
    await textBox.sendKeys('Selenium');
    await submitButton.click();
  
    let message = await driver.findElement(By.id('message'));
    let value = await message.getText();
    assert.equal("Received!", value);
  } catch (e) {
    console.log(e)
  } finally {
    await driver.quit();
  }
}())

View full example on GitHub

        val title = driver.title

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package dev.selenium.getting_started

import org.junit.jupiter.api.*
import org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertEquals
import org.openqa.selenium.By
import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver
import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver
import java.time.Duration

@TestInstance(TestInstance.Lifecycle.PER_CLASS)
class FirstScriptTest {
    private lateinit var driver: WebDriver

    @Test
    fun eightComponents() {
        driver = ChromeDriver()

        driver.get("https://www.selenium.dev/selenium/web/web-form.html")

        val title = driver.title
        assertEquals("Web form", title)

        driver.manage().timeouts().implicitlyWait(Duration.ofMillis(500))

        var textBox = driver.findElement(By.name("my-text"))
        val submitButton = driver.findElement(By.cssSelector("button"))

        textBox.sendKeys("Selenium")
        submitButton.click()

        val message = driver.findElement(By.id("message"))
        val value = message.getText()
        assertEquals("Received!", value)

        driver.quit()
    }

}

View full example on GitHub

4. 建立等待策略

将代码与浏览器的当前状态同步是Selenium面临的最大挑战之一, 做好它是一个高级主题.

基本上, 您希望在尝试定位元素之前, 确保该元素位于页面上, 并且在尝试与该元素交互之前, 该元素处于可交互状态.

隐式等待很少是最好的解决方案, 但在这里最容易演示, 所以我们将使用它作为占位符.

阅读更多关于等待策略的信息.

        driver.manage().timeouts().implicitlyWait(Duration.ofMillis(500));

Show full example

package dev.selenium.getting_started;

import org.openqa.selenium.By;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement;
import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver;

import java.time.Duration;

public class FirstScript {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();

        driver.get("https://www.selenium.dev/selenium/web/web-form.html");

        driver.getTitle();

        driver.manage().timeouts().implicitlyWait(Duration.ofMillis(500));

        WebElement textBox = driver.findElement(By.name("my-text"));
        WebElement submitButton = driver.findElement(By.cssSelector("button"));

        textBox.sendKeys("Selenium");
        submitButton.click();

        WebElement message = driver.findElement(By.id("message"));
        message.getText();

        driver.quit();
    }
}

View full example on GitHub

driver.implicitly_wait(0.5)

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from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By

driver = webdriver.Chrome()

driver.get("https://www.selenium.dev/selenium/web/web-form.html")

title = driver.title

driver.implicitly_wait(0.5)

text_box = driver.find_element(by=By.NAME, value="my-text")
submit_button = driver.find_element(by=By.CSS_SELECTOR, value="button")

text_box.send_keys("Selenium")
submit_button.click()

message = driver.find_element(by=By.ID, value="message")
text = message.text

driver.quit()

View full example on GitHub

        driver.Manage().Timeouts().ImplicitWait = TimeSpan.FromMilliseconds(500);

Show full example

using System;
using OpenQA.Selenium;
using OpenQA.Selenium.Chrome;

namespace SeleniumDocs.GettingStarted;

public static class FirstScript
{
    public static void Main()
    {
        IWebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();

        driver.Navigate().GoToUrl("https://www.selenium.dev/selenium/web/web-form.html");

        var title = driver.Title;

        driver.Manage().Timeouts().ImplicitWait = TimeSpan.FromMilliseconds(500);

        var textBox = driver.FindElement(By.Name("my-text"));
        var submitButton = driver.FindElement(By.TagName("button"));
            
        textBox.SendKeys("Selenium");
        submitButton.Click();
            
        var message = driver.FindElement(By.Id("message"));
        var value = message.Text;
            
        driver.Quit();
    }
}

View full example on GitHub

driver.manage.timeouts.implicit_wait = 500

Show full example

require 'selenium-webdriver'

driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome

driver.get('https://www.selenium.dev/selenium/web/web-form.html')

driver.title

driver.manage.timeouts.implicit_wait = 500

text_box = driver.find_element(name: 'my-text')
submit_button = driver.find_element(tag_name: 'button')

text_box.send_keys('Selenium')
submit_button.click

message = driver.find_element(id: 'message')
message.text

driver.quit

View full example on GitHub

    await driver.manage().setTimeouts({implicit: 500});

Show full example

const {By, Builder, Browser} = require('selenium-webdriver');
const assert = require("assert");

(async function firstTest() {
  let driver;
  
  try {
    driver = await new Builder().forBrowser(Browser.CHROME).build();
    await driver.get('https://www.selenium.dev/selenium/web/web-form.html');
  
    let title = await driver.getTitle();
    assert.equal("Web form", title);
  
    await driver.manage().setTimeouts({implicit: 500});
  
    let textBox = await driver.findElement(By.name('my-text'));
    let submitButton = await driver.findElement(By.css('button'));
  
    await textBox.sendKeys('Selenium');
    await submitButton.click();
  
    let message = await driver.findElement(By.id('message'));
    let value = await message.getText();
    assert.equal("Received!", value);
  } catch (e) {
    console.log(e)
  } finally {
    await driver.quit();
  }
}())

View full example on GitHub

        driver.manage().timeouts().implicitlyWait(Duration.ofMillis(500))

Show full example

package dev.selenium.getting_started

import org.junit.jupiter.api.*
import org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertEquals
import org.openqa.selenium.By
import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver
import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver
import java.time.Duration

@TestInstance(TestInstance.Lifecycle.PER_CLASS)
class FirstScriptTest {
    private lateinit var driver: WebDriver

    @Test
    fun eightComponents() {
        driver = ChromeDriver()

        driver.get("https://www.selenium.dev/selenium/web/web-form.html")

        val title = driver.title
        assertEquals("Web form", title)

        driver.manage().timeouts().implicitlyWait(Duration.ofMillis(500))

        var textBox = driver.findElement(By.name("my-text"))
        val submitButton = driver.findElement(By.cssSelector("button"))

        textBox.sendKeys("Selenium")
        submitButton.click()

        val message = driver.findElement(By.id("message"))
        val value = message.getText()
        assertEquals("Received!", value)

        driver.quit()
    }

}

View full example on GitHub

5. 发送命令查找元素

大多数Selenium会话中的主要命令都与元素相关, 如果不先找到元素, 就无法与之交互.

        WebElement textBox = driver.findElement(By.name("my-text"));
        WebElement submitButton = driver.findElement(By.cssSelector("button"));

Show full example

package dev.selenium.getting_started;

import org.openqa.selenium.By;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement;
import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver;

import java.time.Duration;

public class FirstScript {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();

        driver.get("https://www.selenium.dev/selenium/web/web-form.html");

        driver.getTitle();

        driver.manage().timeouts().implicitlyWait(Duration.ofMillis(500));

        WebElement textBox = driver.findElement(By.name("my-text"));
        WebElement submitButton = driver.findElement(By.cssSelector("button"));

        textBox.sendKeys("Selenium");
        submitButton.click();

        WebElement message = driver.findElement(By.id("message"));
        message.getText();

        driver.quit();
    }
}

View full example on GitHub

text_box = driver.find_element(by=By.NAME, value="my-text")
submit_button = driver.find_element(by=By.CSS_SELECTOR, value="button")

Show full example

from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By

driver = webdriver.Chrome()

driver.get("https://www.selenium.dev/selenium/web/web-form.html")

title = driver.title

driver.implicitly_wait(0.5)

text_box = driver.find_element(by=By.NAME, value="my-text")
submit_button = driver.find_element(by=By.CSS_SELECTOR, value="button")

text_box.send_keys("Selenium")
submit_button.click()

message = driver.find_element(by=By.ID, value="message")
text = message.text

driver.quit()

View full example on GitHub

        var textBox = driver.FindElement(By.Name("my-text"));
        var submitButton = driver.FindElement(By.TagName("button"));

Show full example

using System;
using OpenQA.Selenium;
using OpenQA.Selenium.Chrome;

namespace SeleniumDocs.GettingStarted;

public static class FirstScript
{
    public static void Main()
    {
        IWebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();

        driver.Navigate().GoToUrl("https://www.selenium.dev/selenium/web/web-form.html");

        var title = driver.Title;

        driver.Manage().Timeouts().ImplicitWait = TimeSpan.FromMilliseconds(500);

        var textBox = driver.FindElement(By.Name("my-text"));
        var submitButton = driver.FindElement(By.TagName("button"));
            
        textBox.SendKeys("Selenium");
        submitButton.Click();
            
        var message = driver.FindElement(By.Id("message"));
        var value = message.Text;
            
        driver.Quit();
    }
}

View full example on GitHub

text_box = driver.find_element(name: 'my-text')
submit_button = driver.find_element(tag_name: 'button')

Show full example

require 'selenium-webdriver'

driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome

driver.get('https://www.selenium.dev/selenium/web/web-form.html')

driver.title

driver.manage.timeouts.implicit_wait = 500

text_box = driver.find_element(name: 'my-text')
submit_button = driver.find_element(tag_name: 'button')

text_box.send_keys('Selenium')
submit_button.click

message = driver.find_element(id: 'message')
message.text

driver.quit

View full example on GitHub

    let textBox = await driver.findElement(By.name('my-text'));
    let submitButton = await driver.findElement(By.css('button'));

Show full example

const {By, Builder, Browser} = require('selenium-webdriver');
const assert = require("assert");

(async function firstTest() {
  let driver;
  
  try {
    driver = await new Builder().forBrowser(Browser.CHROME).build();
    await driver.get('https://www.selenium.dev/selenium/web/web-form.html');
  
    let title = await driver.getTitle();
    assert.equal("Web form", title);
  
    await driver.manage().setTimeouts({implicit: 500});
  
    let textBox = await driver.findElement(By.name('my-text'));
    let submitButton = await driver.findElement(By.css('button'));
  
    await textBox.sendKeys('Selenium');
    await submitButton.click();
  
    let message = await driver.findElement(By.id('message'));
    let value = await message.getText();
    assert.equal("Received!", value);
  } catch (e) {
    console.log(e)
  } finally {
    await driver.quit();
  }
}())

View full example on GitHub

        var textBox = driver.findElement(By.name("my-text"))
        val submitButton = driver.findElement(By.cssSelector("button"))

Show full example

package dev.selenium.getting_started

import org.junit.jupiter.api.*
import org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertEquals
import org.openqa.selenium.By
import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver
import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver
import java.time.Duration

@TestInstance(TestInstance.Lifecycle.PER_CLASS)
class FirstScriptTest {
    private lateinit var driver: WebDriver

    @Test
    fun eightComponents() {
        driver = ChromeDriver()

        driver.get("https://www.selenium.dev/selenium/web/web-form.html")

        val title = driver.title
        assertEquals("Web form", title)

        driver.manage().timeouts().implicitlyWait(Duration.ofMillis(500))

        var textBox = driver.findElement(By.name("my-text"))
        val submitButton = driver.findElement(By.cssSelector("button"))

        textBox.sendKeys("Selenium")
        submitButton.click()

        val message = driver.findElement(By.id("message"))
        val value = message.getText()
        assertEquals("Received!", value)

        driver.quit()
    }

}

View full example on GitHub

6. 操作元素

对于一个元素, 只有少数几个操作可以执行, 但您将经常使用它们.

        textBox.sendKeys("Selenium");
        submitButton.click();

Show full example

package dev.selenium.getting_started;

import org.openqa.selenium.By;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement;
import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver;

import java.time.Duration;

public class FirstScript {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();

        driver.get("https://www.selenium.dev/selenium/web/web-form.html");

        driver.getTitle();

        driver.manage().timeouts().implicitlyWait(Duration.ofMillis(500));

        WebElement textBox = driver.findElement(By.name("my-text"));
        WebElement submitButton = driver.findElement(By.cssSelector("button"));

        textBox.sendKeys("Selenium");
        submitButton.click();

        WebElement message = driver.findElement(By.id("message"));
        message.getText();

        driver.quit();
    }
}

View full example on GitHub

text_box.send_keys("Selenium")
submit_button.click()

Show full example

from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By

driver = webdriver.Chrome()

driver.get("https://www.selenium.dev/selenium/web/web-form.html")

title = driver.title

driver.implicitly_wait(0.5)

text_box = driver.find_element(by=By.NAME, value="my-text")
submit_button = driver.find_element(by=By.CSS_SELECTOR, value="button")

text_box.send_keys("Selenium")
submit_button.click()

message = driver.find_element(by=By.ID, value="message")
text = message.text

driver.quit()

View full example on GitHub

        textBox.SendKeys("Selenium");
        submitButton.Click();

Show full example

using System;
using OpenQA.Selenium;
using OpenQA.Selenium.Chrome;

namespace SeleniumDocs.GettingStarted;

public static class FirstScript
{
    public static void Main()
    {
        IWebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();

        driver.Navigate().GoToUrl("https://www.selenium.dev/selenium/web/web-form.html");

        var title = driver.Title;

        driver.Manage().Timeouts().ImplicitWait = TimeSpan.FromMilliseconds(500);

        var textBox = driver.FindElement(By.Name("my-text"));
        var submitButton = driver.FindElement(By.TagName("button"));
            
        textBox.SendKeys("Selenium");
        submitButton.Click();
            
        var message = driver.FindElement(By.Id("message"));
        var value = message.Text;
            
        driver.Quit();
    }
}

View full example on GitHub

text_box.send_keys('Selenium')
submit_button.click

Show full example

require 'selenium-webdriver'

driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome

driver.get('https://www.selenium.dev/selenium/web/web-form.html')

driver.title

driver.manage.timeouts.implicit_wait = 500

text_box = driver.find_element(name: 'my-text')
submit_button = driver.find_element(tag_name: 'button')

text_box.send_keys('Selenium')
submit_button.click

message = driver.find_element(id: 'message')
message.text

driver.quit

View full example on GitHub

    await textBox.sendKeys('Selenium');
    await submitButton.click();

Show full example

const {By, Builder, Browser} = require('selenium-webdriver');
const assert = require("assert");

(async function firstTest() {
  let driver;
  
  try {
    driver = await new Builder().forBrowser(Browser.CHROME).build();
    await driver.get('https://www.selenium.dev/selenium/web/web-form.html');
  
    let title = await driver.getTitle();
    assert.equal("Web form", title);
  
    await driver.manage().setTimeouts({implicit: 500});
  
    let textBox = await driver.findElement(By.name('my-text'));
    let submitButton = await driver.findElement(By.css('button'));
  
    await textBox.sendKeys('Selenium');
    await submitButton.click();
  
    let message = await driver.findElement(By.id('message'));
    let value = await message.getText();
    assert.equal("Received!", value);
  } catch (e) {
    console.log(e)
  } finally {
    await driver.quit();
  }
}())

View full example on GitHub

        textBox.sendKeys("Selenium")
        submitButton.click()

Show full example

package dev.selenium.getting_started

import org.junit.jupiter.api.*
import org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertEquals
import org.openqa.selenium.By
import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver
import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver
import java.time.Duration

@TestInstance(TestInstance.Lifecycle.PER_CLASS)
class FirstScriptTest {
    private lateinit var driver: WebDriver

    @Test
    fun eightComponents() {
        driver = ChromeDriver()

        driver.get("https://www.selenium.dev/selenium/web/web-form.html")

        val title = driver.title
        assertEquals("Web form", title)

        driver.manage().timeouts().implicitlyWait(Duration.ofMillis(500))

        var textBox = driver.findElement(By.name("my-text"))
        val submitButton = driver.findElement(By.cssSelector("button"))

        textBox.sendKeys("Selenium")
        submitButton.click()

        val message = driver.findElement(By.id("message"))
        val value = message.getText()
        assertEquals("Received!", value)

        driver.quit()
    }

}

View full example on GitHub

7. 获取元素信息

元素存储了很多被请求的信息.

        WebElement message = driver.findElement(By.id("message"));
        message.getText();

Show full example

package dev.selenium.getting_started;

import org.openqa.selenium.By;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement;
import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver;

import java.time.Duration;

public class FirstScript {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();

        driver.get("https://www.selenium.dev/selenium/web/web-form.html");

        driver.getTitle();

        driver.manage().timeouts().implicitlyWait(Duration.ofMillis(500));

        WebElement textBox = driver.findElement(By.name("my-text"));
        WebElement submitButton = driver.findElement(By.cssSelector("button"));

        textBox.sendKeys("Selenium");
        submitButton.click();

        WebElement message = driver.findElement(By.id("message"));
        message.getText();

        driver.quit();
    }
}

View full example on GitHub

message = driver.find_element(by=By.ID, value="message")
text = message.text

Show full example

from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By

driver = webdriver.Chrome()

driver.get("https://www.selenium.dev/selenium/web/web-form.html")

title = driver.title

driver.implicitly_wait(0.5)

text_box = driver.find_element(by=By.NAME, value="my-text")
submit_button = driver.find_element(by=By.CSS_SELECTOR, value="button")

text_box.send_keys("Selenium")
submit_button.click()

message = driver.find_element(by=By.ID, value="message")
text = message.text

driver.quit()

View full example on GitHub

        var message = driver.FindElement(By.Id("message"));
        var value = message.Text;

Show full example

using System;
using OpenQA.Selenium;
using OpenQA.Selenium.Chrome;

namespace SeleniumDocs.GettingStarted;

public static class FirstScript
{
    public static void Main()
    {
        IWebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();

        driver.Navigate().GoToUrl("https://www.selenium.dev/selenium/web/web-form.html");

        var title = driver.Title;

        driver.Manage().Timeouts().ImplicitWait = TimeSpan.FromMilliseconds(500);

        var textBox = driver.FindElement(By.Name("my-text"));
        var submitButton = driver.FindElement(By.TagName("button"));
            
        textBox.SendKeys("Selenium");
        submitButton.Click();
            
        var message = driver.FindElement(By.Id("message"));
        var value = message.Text;
            
        driver.Quit();
    }
}

View full example on GitHub

message = driver.find_element(id: 'message')
message.text

Show full example

require 'selenium-webdriver'

driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome

driver.get('https://www.selenium.dev/selenium/web/web-form.html')

driver.title

driver.manage.timeouts.implicit_wait = 500

text_box = driver.find_element(name: 'my-text')
submit_button = driver.find_element(tag_name: 'button')

text_box.send_keys('Selenium')
submit_button.click

message = driver.find_element(id: 'message')
message.text

driver.quit

View full example on GitHub

    let message = await driver.findElement(By.id('message'));
    let value = await message.getText();

Show full example

const {By, Builder, Browser} = require('selenium-webdriver');
const assert = require("assert");

(async function firstTest() {
  let driver;
  
  try {
    driver = await new Builder().forBrowser(Browser.CHROME).build();
    await driver.get('https://www.selenium.dev/selenium/web/web-form.html');
  
    let title = await driver.getTitle();
    assert.equal("Web form", title);
  
    await driver.manage().setTimeouts({implicit: 500});
  
    let textBox = await driver.findElement(By.name('my-text'));
    let submitButton = await driver.findElement(By.css('button'));
  
    await textBox.sendKeys('Selenium');
    await submitButton.click();
  
    let message = await driver.findElement(By.id('message'));
    let value = await message.getText();
    assert.equal("Received!", value);
  } catch (e) {
    console.log(e)
  } finally {
    await driver.quit();
  }
}())

View full example on GitHub

        val message = driver.findElement(By.id("message"))
        val value = message.getText()

Show full example

package dev.selenium.getting_started

import org.junit.jupiter.api.*
import org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertEquals
import org.openqa.selenium.By
import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver
import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver
import java.time.Duration

@TestInstance(TestInstance.Lifecycle.PER_CLASS)
class FirstScriptTest {
    private lateinit var driver: WebDriver

    @Test
    fun eightComponents() {
        driver = ChromeDriver()

        driver.get("https://www.selenium.dev/selenium/web/web-form.html")

        val title = driver.title
        assertEquals("Web form", title)

        driver.manage().timeouts().implicitlyWait(Duration.ofMillis(500))

        var textBox = driver.findElement(By.name("my-text"))
        val submitButton = driver.findElement(By.cssSelector("button"))

        textBox.sendKeys("Selenium")
        submitButton.click()

        val message = driver.findElement(By.id("message"))
        val value = message.getText()
        assertEquals("Received!", value)

        driver.quit()
    }

}

View full example on GitHub

8. 结束会话

这将结束驱动程序进程, 默认情况下, 该进程也会关闭浏览器. 无法向此驱动程序实例发送更多命令.

详见 Quitting Sessions.

        driver.quit();

Show full example

package dev.selenium.getting_started;

import org.openqa.selenium.By;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement;
import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver;

import java.time.Duration;

public class FirstScript {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();

        driver.get("https://www.selenium.dev/selenium/web/web-form.html");

        driver.getTitle();

        driver.manage().timeouts().implicitlyWait(Duration.ofMillis(500));

        WebElement textBox = driver.findElement(By.name("my-text"));
        WebElement submitButton = driver.findElement(By.cssSelector("button"));

        textBox.sendKeys("Selenium");
        submitButton.click();

        WebElement message = driver.findElement(By.id("message"));
        message.getText();

        driver.quit();
    }
}

View full example on GitHub

driver.quit()

Show full example

from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By

driver = webdriver.Chrome()

driver.get("https://www.selenium.dev/selenium/web/web-form.html")

title = driver.title

driver.implicitly_wait(0.5)

text_box = driver.find_element(by=By.NAME, value="my-text")
submit_button = driver.find_element(by=By.CSS_SELECTOR, value="button")

text_box.send_keys("Selenium")
submit_button.click()

message = driver.find_element(by=By.ID, value="message")
text = message.text

driver.quit()

View full example on GitHub

        driver.Quit();

Show full example

using System;
using OpenQA.Selenium;
using OpenQA.Selenium.Chrome;

namespace SeleniumDocs.GettingStarted;

public static class FirstScript
{
    public static void Main()
    {
        IWebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();

        driver.Navigate().GoToUrl("https://www.selenium.dev/selenium/web/web-form.html");

        var title = driver.Title;

        driver.Manage().Timeouts().ImplicitWait = TimeSpan.FromMilliseconds(500);

        var textBox = driver.FindElement(By.Name("my-text"));
        var submitButton = driver.FindElement(By.TagName("button"));
            
        textBox.SendKeys("Selenium");
        submitButton.Click();
            
        var message = driver.FindElement(By.Id("message"));
        var value = message.Text;
            
        driver.Quit();
    }
}

View full example on GitHub

driver.quit

Show full example

require 'selenium-webdriver'

driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome

driver.get('https://www.selenium.dev/selenium/web/web-form.html')

driver.title

driver.manage.timeouts.implicit_wait = 500

text_box = driver.find_element(name: 'my-text')
submit_button = driver.find_element(tag_name: 'button')

text_box.send_keys('Selenium')
submit_button.click

message = driver.find_element(id: 'message')
message.text

driver.quit

View full example on GitHub

    await driver.quit();

Show full example

const {By, Builder, Browser} = require('selenium-webdriver');
const assert = require("assert");

(async function firstTest() {
  let driver;
  
  try {
    driver = await new Builder().forBrowser(Browser.CHROME).build();
    await driver.get('https://www.selenium.dev/selenium/web/web-form.html');
  
    let title = await driver.getTitle();
    assert.equal("Web form", title);
  
    await driver.manage().setTimeouts({implicit: 500});
  
    let textBox = await driver.findElement(By.name('my-text'));
    let submitButton = await driver.findElement(By.css('button'));
  
    await textBox.sendKeys('Selenium');
    await submitButton.click();
  
    let message = await driver.findElement(By.id('message'));
    let value = await message.getText();
    assert.equal("Received!", value);
  } catch (e) {
    console.log(e)
  } finally {
    await driver.quit();
  }
}())

View full example on GitHub

        driver.quit()

Show full example

package dev.selenium.getting_started

import org.junit.jupiter.api.*
import org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertEquals
import org.openqa.selenium.By
import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver
import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver
import java.time.Duration

@TestInstance(TestInstance.Lifecycle.PER_CLASS)
class FirstScriptTest {
    private lateinit var driver: WebDriver

    @Test
    fun eightComponents() {
        driver = ChromeDriver()

        driver.get("https://www.selenium.dev/selenium/web/web-form.html")

        val title = driver.title
        assertEquals("Web form", title)

        driver.manage().timeouts().implicitlyWait(Duration.ofMillis(500))

        var textBox = driver.findElement(By.name("my-text"))
        val submitButton = driver.findElement(By.cssSelector("button"))

        textBox.sendKeys("Selenium")
        submitButton.click()

        val message = driver.findElement(By.id("message"))
        val value = message.getText()
        assertEquals("Received!", value)

        driver.quit()
    }

}

View full example on GitHub

运行 Selenium 文件

mvn exec:java -D"exec.mainClass"="dev.selenium.getting_started.FirstScript" -D"exec.classpathScope"=test

Show full example

# Running Selenium Java Tests
The following steps will guide you on how to 
run Selenium Java tests using a repository 
of `SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io` examples.

## Initial Setup

### Prerequisites

Ensure that Java Development Kit (JDK) and Maven 
are installed on your system. If they are not installed, 
you will need to download and install them. You can 
find detailed installation guides for both on their 
respective official sites.

### Clone the repository
First, we need to get the Selenium Java examples 
on your local machine. This can be done by 
cloning the `SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io` Git repository. 
Run the following command in your terminal:

```bash
git clone https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io.git
```
## Navigate to the java directory
After cloning the repository, navigate into the 
directory where the Selenium Java examples are 
located. Run the following command:

```bash
cd seleniumhq.github.io/examples/java
```

## Running the Tests
### Install dependencies
Before running the tests, we need to install all 
necessary dependencies. Maven, a software 
project management tool, can do this for us. 
Run the following command:

```bash
mvn test-compile
```

### Run all tests
To verify if everything is installed correctly and 
functioning properly, we should run all 
available tests. This can be done with the following command:

```bash
mvn test
```

Please be patient! If this is your first time running these tests, 
it might take a while to download and verify all necessary browser drivers.

## Execute a specific example
To run a specific Selenium Java example, use the following command:
```bash
mvn exec:java -D"exec.mainClass"="dev.selenium.getting_started.FirstScript" -D"exec.classpathScope"=test
```

Make sure to replace `dev.selenium.getting_started.FirstScript` with the path and name of the example you want to run.

View full example on GitHub

pytest path/to/test_script.py

Show full example

# Running all tests from Selenium python example

Follow these steps to run all test example from selenium python

1. Clone this repository

```
git clone https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io.git
```

2. Navigate to `python` directory

```
cd seleniumhq.github.io/examples/python
```

3. Install dependencies using pip

```
pip install -r requirements.txt
```
> if you are on a different python version, for example python3.x you may have to replace `pip` with `pip3`

4. Run all tests

```
pytest
```

> Please keep some patience - If you are doing it for the first time, it will take a little while to verify and download the browser drivers

## Execute a specific example
To run a specific Selenium Python example, use the following command:
```bash
pytest path/to/test_script.py
```

Make sure to replace `path/to/test_script.py` with the path and name of the example you want to run.

View full example on GitHub

Add Example

ruby example_script.rb

Show full example

# Running all tests from Selenium ruby example

Follow these steps to run all test example from selenium ruby

1. Clone this repository

```
git clone https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io.git
```

2. Navigate to `ruby` directory

```
cd seleniumhq.github.io/examples/ruby
```

3. Install dependencies using bundler

```
bundler install
```

4. Run all tests

```
bundle exec rspec
```

> Please keep some patience - If you are doing it for the first time, it will take a little while to verify and download the browser drivers

# Execute a ruby script

Use this command to run a ruby script and follow the first script example

```
ruby example_script.rb
```

View full example on GitHub

node example_script.spec.js

Show full example

# Running all tests from Selenium javascript example

Follow these steps to run all test example from selenium javascript

1. Clone this repository

```
git clone https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io.git
```

2. Navigate to `javascript` directory

```
cd seleniumhq.github.io/examples/javascript
```

3. Install dependencies using node

```
npm install
```

4. Run all all tests

```
npm test
```

> Please keep some patience - If you are doing it for the first time, it will take a little while to verify and download the browser drivers

# Execute a javascript test

Use this command to run a JavaScript and follow the first script example

```
node example_script.spec.js
```

View full example on GitHub

Add Example

接下来的步骤

大多数 Selenium 用户执行许多会话，需要组织它们以最大限度地减少重复并维持代码更易于维护. 请继续阅读，了解如何将此代码放入您用例的上下文中使用 Selenium.

最后修改 March 9, 2025: fix line numbers for first script [deploy site] (7eecdbd24e)

Tune in for the Selenium Community Live scheduled for April 25th, 2025. Join us!

编写第一个Selenium脚本

八个基本组成部分

1. 使用驱动实例开启会话

2. 在浏览器上执行操作

3. 请求浏览器信息

4. 建立等待策略

5. 发送命令查找元素

6. 操作元素

7. 获取元素信息

8. 结束会话

运行 Selenium 文件

接下来的步骤

Development Partners

Selenium Level Sponsors

Support the Selenium Project

编写第一个Selenium脚本

八个基本组成部分

1. 使用驱动实例开启会话

2. 在浏览器上执行操作

3. 请求 浏览器信息

4. 建立等待策略

5. 发送命令 查找元素

6. 操作元素

7. 获取元素信息

8. 结束会话

运行 Selenium 文件

接下来的步骤

Development Partners

Selenium Level Sponsors

Support the Selenium Project

3. 请求浏览器信息

5. 发送命令查找元素